新疆6个大果红枣裂果性差异及其内在原因分析  

Differences in Fruit Cracking of Six Big Fruit Type Jujube Cultivars from Xinjiang and Its Internal Causes

作　　者：杨磊[1] 冯贝贝 靳娟 樊丁宇[1] 刘晶 克里木·伊明[1] 郝庆[1] YANG Lei;FENG Beibei;JIN Juan;FAN Dingyu;LIU Jing;KELIMU Yimin;HAO Qing(Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Pomology , Urumqi 830091, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所/农业部新疆地区果树科学观测试验站,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2021年第8期1364-1370,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：新疆自治区科技援疆计划(2018E02017);2020年中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新[2020]TG17号)。

摘　　要：该研究以新疆栽培的6个大果型红枣品种(‘骏枣’、‘赞新大枣’、‘金谷大枣’、‘蛤蟆枣’、‘晋赞大枣’、‘新郑大马牙’)全红期果实为对象,通过考察裂果性差异,观察果皮组织结构,测定细胞壁成分及代谢相关酶活性,分析扩展蛋白基因表达的变化,探讨造成枣品种裂果差异的内在规律,为栽培引种及抗裂品种选育提供理论基础。结果表明:(1)‘骏枣’、‘赞新大枣’、‘金谷大枣’属于易裂果品种,而‘蛤蟆枣’、‘晋赞大枣’、‘新郑大马牙’的抗裂果能力较强。(2)6个品种之间的果实角质层厚度差异显著,并以‘晋赞大枣’、‘蛤蟆枣’和‘新郑大马牙’较大;表皮层厚度在品种之间无显著差异;品种间的果肉空腔与果肉面积比例差异显著,由低到高依次为‘蛤蟆枣’<‘新郑大马牙’<‘晋赞大枣’<‘骏枣’<‘金谷大枣’<‘赞新大枣’。(3)6个品种间果皮的纤维素含量、纤维素酶活性以及原果胶含量、可溶性果胶含量、果胶酶活性等指标均存在显著差异,且原果胶含量与裂果率具有相关性,抗裂品种‘晋赞大枣’和‘蛤蟆枣’的原果胶含量明显低于其他品种;其他指标与它们各自的裂果率未发现相关性。(4)扩展蛋白基因ZjEXP11和ZjEXP12在6个品种果皮中的表达水平差异显著,且与裂果率具有相关关系,并以抗裂果能力较强品种的表达量显著较低。研究发现,新疆大果型红枣的裂果性在品种间存在显著差异,抗裂果品种比易裂果品种具有更厚的角质层和表皮层,以及更小的果肉空腔面积、更低的原果胶含量和更低的扩展蛋白基因ZjEXP11、ZjEXP12表达水平。In this study,the full red fruits of six big fruit type Ziziphus jujuba Mill.varieties(‘Junzao’,‘Zanxindazao’,‘Jingudazao’,‘Hamazao’,‘Jinzandazao’and‘Xinzhengdamaya’)cultivated in Xinjiang were used as research objects.We observed the pericarp tissue structure,measured the cell wall components and metabolism-related enzyme activities,analyzed the changes in the expression of extension protein genes.And then,we analyzed the fruit cracking difference of them.In order to find the internal regular pattern that causes the fruit cracking difference.The result might be providing a theoretical basis for the cultivation and introduction of varieties resistant to fruit cracking.The results showed that:(1)‘Junzao’,‘Zanxindazao’,and‘Jingudazao’are the fruit cracking varieties,while‘Hamazao’,‘Jinzandazao’and‘Xinzhengdamaya’have better fruit cracking resistance.(2)The cuticle thickness of the six varieties were significantly different from each other,and‘Jinzandazao’,‘Hamazao’and‘Xinzhengdamaya’were larger than others.while the epidermal thickness was not different.There were significant differences in the cavity/pulp area rank from low to high,which were‘Hamazao’<‘Xinzhengdamaya’<‘Jinzandazao’<‘Junzao’<‘Jingudazao’<‘Zanxindazao’.(3)The contents of cellulose,protopectin,soluble pectin,and the activities of cellulase and pectin were all different among the six cultivars.Among them,the content of protopectin in crack resistant cultivars‘Jinzandazao’,‘Hamazao’were significantly lower than that of other cultivars,this means that there is a correlation between the propectin content and the cracking rate.While the change trend of cellulose content and cellulase activity is basically constant,so there no correlation was found between the other indices and their cracking rates.(4)The expression levels of ZjEXP11 and ZjEXP12 in the pericarp of the fruit cracking resistance varieties were significantly lower than those in the fruit cracking varie

关 键 词：枣 裂果 组织结构 酶活性 扩展蛋白 

分 类 号：Q945.65[生物学—植物学] S665.1[农业科学—果树学]