马尾松人工林发育过程中林下灌草群落优势种生态位动态分析  

Dominant Species of Shrub-grass Community under Forest during the Development of Pinus massoniana Plantation Niche Dynamic Analysis

作　　者：姚珊 郭其强 盘金文 张亚琴 罗丝琼 YAO Shan;GUO Qiqiang;PAN Jinwen;ZHANG Yaqin;LUO Siqiong(College of Forestry, Institute for Forest Resources & Environment, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心,贵阳550025

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2021年第8期1417-1424,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：贵州省农业攻关项目([2019]2314);贵州省科技厅平台人才项目(黔科合[2018]5261)。

摘　　要：该研究以贵州省孟关林场不同林龄马尾松人工林为研究对象并开展典型样地调查,采用空间代替时间的方法,根据Shannon、Levins公式和Pianka公式分析不同发育阶段林下灌草群落优势种生态位动态特征。结果表明:(1)同一优势种重要值在不同林分中存在差异,8a、18a林分中槲栎重要值分别为50.89%、47.32%,28a林分中铁仔重要值为50.49%,36a林分中菝葜重要值为50.62%,芒萁重要值在各发育阶段始终排第一。(2)槲栎和菝葜生态位宽度占绝对优势,南烛、茅栗随着年龄的递增生态位宽度值增大,芒萁生态位宽度值随林分林龄的增加而递增,边缘鳞盖蕨和野青茅随林分林龄的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,灌草重要值与生态位宽度不存在绝对的正负关联关系,同一物种在不同时期对环境的适应及资源的利用能力不同。(3)槲栎与菝葜、铁仔与茅栗、乌蕨与边缘鳞盖蕨、野青茅与荩草等物种种对间表现出极强的生态学或生物学特性相似性,生态位宽度值大的物种与其他物种生态位重叠值并不同步。This paper uses space instead of time to lay out typical plots in P.massoniana plantations of different ages in Mengguan Forest Farm in Guizhou Province.Shannon and Levins formulas,Pianka formulas are used to analyze the niche dynamics of dominant species in shrub-grass communities at different development stages.The results showed that:(1)the important values of the same dominant species is different in different forest stands.The important value of Quercus aliena in the 8a and 18a forest stands are 50.89%and 47.32%,respectively,and the important value of Myrsine africana in the 28a forest stands is 50.49%and for 36a,the important value of Smilax china is 50.62%,and the important value of Dicranopteris dichotoma always ranks first in each developmental stage.(2)Q.aliena and S.china have an absolute advantage in the niche width,Vaccinium bracteatum and Castanea seguinii increase in niche width with increasing age,and D.dichotoma niche width increases with the increase in stand age.Microlepia marginata and Deyeuxia arundinacea show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of stand age.There is no absolute positive or negative relationship between the importance values of shrub and grass and the width of niche.The same species adapts to the environment and resources in different periods.The utilization capacity is different.(3)Q.aliena and S.china,M.africana and C.seguinii,Stenoloma chusanum and M.marginata,D.arundinacea and Arthraxon hispidus and other species pairs show strong similarities in ecological or biological characteristics.Species with large niche width values are not synchronized with other species'niche overlap values.

关 键 词：马尾松人工林 灌草群落 生态位宽度 生态位重叠值 

分 类 号：Q948.154[生物学—植物学] S718.54[农业科学—林学]