个人信息处理中“儿童同意”的年龄标准  

Age Criteria of“Children's Consent”in Personal Information Processing

作　　者：冯恺 FENG Kai

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学比较法学研究院

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第8期89-100,共12页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金规划项目“未成年人个人信息保护立法研究”(19BFX151)。

摘　　要：个人信息保护法中划定“儿童同意”的年龄界限,目的在于提供一个判断儿童作出同意是否有效的客观标准。“儿童同意”年龄的本质仍在于儿童的同意能力,此种能力受到传统民法中行为能力理论的影响,又因“同意能力”与“行为能力”在理论上的分离而表现出一定独立性,进而促生了具有差异性的“儿童同意”年龄标准。为了设定一个合理的年龄界点,有必要对本国法律体系中“儿童同意”年龄标准的正当性基础作出解释。同时,尽管“儿童同意”年龄标准统一化符合法律的实践要求,但也存在难以应对儿童个体的现实差异、不利于儿童自主决定权行使和交易相对人信赖利益保护等局限性。我国在统一设定“儿童同意”年龄标准的前提下,仍需要提供一定例外性规范增强其现实适应力。In the personal information protection law,the age limit of“children's consent”is defined to provide an objective standard to judge whether a consent by a child is effective.The essence of the age of children's consent still lies in the ability of children's consent,which is influenced by the theory of capacity for conduct rooted in the traditional civil law,and shows certain independence due to the separation of capacity theories for consent and conduct,thus promoting a different age criteria of“children's consent”.In order to set a reasonable age threshold,it is necessary to explain the legitimacy basis of“children's consent”.At the same time,the unification of the age criteria of“children's consent”meets the inherent requirements of the law,but it is also difficult to deal with the practical differences among different children,which is not conducive to the exercise of children's independent decision-making rights and the protection of the trading counterpart's trust interest.Upon the premise of setting the unified age criteria of“children's consent”,it is still necessary for China to provide the exceptional norms to enhance its practical adaptability.

关 键 词：儿童年龄 同意能力 标准统一化 例外性规范 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]