叶面施肥浓度对油茶叶片叶绿素与生产力的影响  

Effects of different foliar fertilization concentrations on the chlorophyll content and productivity of oil-tea Camellia

作　　者：胡玉玲 龙雪燕 杨红 杨小菊 杨胜优 潘忠飞 HU Yuling;LONG Xueyan;YANG Hong;YANG Xiaoju;YANG Shengyou;PAN Zhongfei(College of Agriculture and Forestry Engineering and Planning,Tongren University,Tongren,Guizhou 554300,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2021年第5期527-535,共9页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2312,[2020]1Y059号);贵州省林业厅林业科研项目(黔林科合[2020]06号);贵州省教育厅平台项目(黔教合KY字[2019]052)。

摘　　要：为了解油茶叶面施肥的最佳时期、日施肥时间和养分配比,对投产期油茶开展多因素、多水平叶面施肥正交试验,通过测定和分析油茶叶片氮含量、产量和茶果数量等指标,以获得最佳的油茶叶面施肥方法。结果表明:不同生长期施肥对叶绿素含量和茶籽出仁率影响较大,氮素对叶片氮含量和当年茶果数量、当年茶果产量及两年平均产量影响都较大,氨基酸浓度对第2年茶果产量、单果重、果皮厚度、出籽率和含油率影响较大;处理17油茶叶片叶绿素含量最高,处理6油茶叶片氮含量最高;处理23当年茶果产量最高,处理12第2年茶果产量和平均产量最高;处理23出籽率最高,处理24茶籽含水率和出仁率较佳,处理1仁含油率最高。因此,可在5—8月进行油茶叶面施肥,每隔30 d,上午叶面喷施稀释10倍的氨基酸、6 g·L^(-1)尿素(CH_(4)N_(2)O的质量分数为46.7%)、136 g·L^(-1)磷酸二氢钾(KH_(2)PO_(4))、75 g·L^(-1)氯化钾(KCl)、6.2 g·L^(-1)硼酸(H_(3)BO_(3))、493 g·L^(-1)硫酸镁(MgSO_4)和2.78 g·L^(-1)七水硫酸亚铁(Fe SO_(4)·7H_(2)O)和0.25 g·L^(-1)四水合钼酸铵[(NH_(4))_(6)Mo_(7)O_(24)·4H_(2)O]混合水溶肥。External fertilization is an important way in which plants obtain nutrients.Therefore,it is necessary to understand the optimal growth period,daily fertilization time,and fertilization ratio of external fertilization.Multi-factor and multi-level orthogonal experiments were carried out in different production periods on Camellia oleifera before the resulting correlations were determined and subsequently compared.The results showed that fertilization at different growth stages had a greater impact on chlorophyll content and seed kernel yield,whereas nitrogen had a greater impact on leaf nitrogen content and the number of fruits in the current year.Furthermore,nitrogen was found to have a greater impact on the average yield of the current year as well as that of two years,whereas amino acids had a greater impact on yield in the following year,single fruit weight,peel thickness,fresh seed rate,and oil yield rate.Moreover,treatment 17 had the highest chlorophyll content,treatment 6 had the highest nitrogen content,treatment 23 had the highest yield of in the current year,and treatment 12 had the highest yield and average yield in the following year.Additionally,treatment 23 had the highest fresh seed rate,treatment 24 yielded seeds with superior moisture content and kernel yield,and treatment 1 had the highest oil content.The best fertilization method for C.oleifera involved spraying the plants with a mixture of diluted amino acid,6 g·L^(-1) urea,136 g·L^(-1) potassium dihydrogen phosphate,75 g·L^(-1) potassium chloride,6.2 g·L^(-1) boric acid,493 g·L^(-1) magnesium sulfate,2.78 g·L^(-1) ferrous sulfate heptahydrate,and 0.25 g·L^(-1) ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate.This was done in the mornings in May to August every 30 days.

关 键 词：叶面施肥 施肥时间 养分配比 叶片养分 产量 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]