二孩政策下父母亲生育年龄对于儿童发育短期和长期影响因素分析  

Analysis of the short-term and long-term factors affecting children′s development by parents′child bearing age under the universal two-child policy

作　　者：袁雪 张欣[1] YUAN Xue;ZHANG Xin(Department of Child and Maternal Health,School of Public Health,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China;Nanshi Street Community Health Service Center,Heping District,Tianjin 300021,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健教研室,天津300070 [2]天津市和平区南市街社区卫生服务中心,天津300021

出　　处：《天津医科大学学报》2021年第5期524-528,共5页Journal of Tianjin Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81773459)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨全面二孩政策下父母人口学特征对于新生儿以及儿童长期身体发育的影响,为提高优生优育质量提供参考依据。方法:于2014年12月—2020年12月采用分层随机抽样方法调查天津市210个新生儿家庭的人口学资料和儿童身体指标,研究人口学特征和儿童发育情况,采取单因素χ^(2)检验和成对t检验方法分析儿童发育的影响因素。结果:在调查的218个家庭中,高龄产妇(>35岁)所占比例大于低龄产妇(47.7%vs.14.1%),二胎比例也大于一胎比例(82.0%vs.18.0%)。新生儿的身体指标(出生体重、出生28 d增重和出生身长)与产妇的文化程度、分娩医院、胎次以及分娩方式没有明显的相关性(均P>0.05),但与父母年龄存在相关性。不同母亲年龄组间出生体重(χ^(2)=58.91,P<0.01)、出生28 d增重(χ^(2)=67.34,P<0.01)、出生身长(χ^(2)=61.32,P<0.01)有差异,不同父亲年龄组间出生体重(χ^(2)=68.34,P<0.01)、出生28 d增重(χ^(2)=72.11,P<0.01)、出生身长(χ^(2)=75.41,P<0.01)有差异。本项目后期追踪调查了210个家庭的儿童生长状况,结果表明父母年龄对于儿童的体重、身长、牙齿和头围发育均具有长期影响(均P<0.01)。结论:在全面二孩政策下,高龄父母显著增多。父母年龄对于新生儿的身体发育存在影响,并且对于儿童的体重、身长、牙齿和头围发育等存在长期作用。Objective:To explore the impact of parental demographic characteristics on the long-term physical development of newborns and children under the universal two-child policy,as well as to provide a reference for improving the quality of prenatal and postnatal care.Methods:From December 2014 to December 2020,a stratified random sampling method was used to investigate the demographic data and children′s physical indicators of 210 newborn families in Tianjin,and the demographic characteristics and children′s development were studied.The one factorχ^(2) test and paired t test were generated to screen the influencing factors of children′s development.Results:For the 218 families investigated,the proportion of older women(>35 years old)was greater than that of younger women(47.7%vs.14.1%).At the same time,the proportion of second children was also greater than the proportion of first children(82.0%vs.18.0%).There was no significant difference between the children′s physical indicators(birth weight,weight gain at 28 days of birth,as well as birth length)and the education level of the mother,the hospital of delivery,the parity,and the delivery mode(all P>0.05).However,there was a correlation with maternal and paternal age(for maternal age,birth weight:χ^(2)=58.91,P<0.01;28-day weight gain:χ^(2)=67.34,P<0.01;birth length:χ^(2)=61.32,P<0.01;for paternal age,birth weight:χ^(2)=68.34,P<0.01;28-day weight gain:χ^(2)=72.11,P<0.01;birth length:χ^(2)=75.41,P<0.01).The sequential study of 210 families demonstrated that the age of parents had long-term effects on the development of children′s weight,body length,teeth and head circumference.Conclusion:Under the universal two-child policy,the number of elder parents increase significantly.The age of parents has obvious effects on the physical development of newborns,as well as on children′s weight,length,teeth and head circumference from a long term aspect.

关 键 词：全面二孩政策 高龄产妇 高龄父亲 新生儿发育 

分 类 号：R169.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]