吴忠引黄灌区保墒旱直播水稻适宜播种期和苗期低温变化趋势分析  

Analysis of Variation Trends of Soil Moisture Conservation and Direct Seeding Rice under Different Low Temperatures in Proper Sowing Time and Seedling Stage in Yellow River Irrigation Area in Wuzhong

作　　者：罗玲 杜宏娟 Luo Ling;Du Hongjuan(Key Laboratory of Agro-meteorological Hazard Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Managemen in Arid Areas,China Meteorological Adiministration,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750002;Qingtongxia Weather Station,Qingtongxia,Ningxia 751600;Wuzhong Weather Station,Wuzhong,Ningxia 751100)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]青铜峡市气象局,宁夏青铜峡751600 [3]吴忠市气象局,宁夏吴忠751100

出　　处：《宁夏农林科技》2021年第5期38-40,57,共4页Journal of Ningxia Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室青年培养项目(CAMT-202011)。

摘　　要：本文通过运用吴忠和青铜峡国家气象站1981—2018年气象观测资料,分析了吴忠引黄灌区保墒旱直播水稻适宜播种期和苗期不同低温天气条件的变化趋势。结果表明:吴忠引黄灌区5 cm平均地温稳定通过10℃初日的年际变化主要呈波动性提前趋势,初日出现的日期为4月1日。1981—2018年苗期日最低气温低于5℃和2℃的天数和最长持续天数均呈波动减少的趋势。近10年低于5℃和2℃平均天数分别为10 d和5 d,平均最长持续天数分别为5 d和2 d。保证率80%以上日最低气温不低于5℃和2℃初日分别在5月上旬和4月中下旬,低于5℃终日普遍在4月下旬至5月上旬,低于2℃的终日在4月中下旬的年份较多。综合分析,适宜播种期为3月下旬末至4月上旬,秧苗在4月份尤其是在4月上旬遭遇低温冷害风险较大。Based on meteorological observation data between 1981 and 2018 from Wuzhong and Qingtongxia Weather Stations,this paper analyzed variation trends of soil moisture conservation and direct seedling rice under different low temperatures in suitable sowing time and seedling stage in Yellow River irrigation area in Wuzhong.The results showed that the annual variations of the first date of the stable 10℃in the average ground temperature advanced with volatility in Yellow River irrigation area in Wuzhong.The initial date was April 1st.From 1981 to 2018,in the deedling stage,the number of days when the minimum daily temperature was lower than 5℃and 2℃and the longest duration showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend.In the past 10 years,the average number of days below 5℃and 2℃were 10 d and 5 d,respectively,with the average longest duration of 5 d and 2 d,respectively.With the guaranteed rate of more than 80%and the minimum temperature of no less than 5℃and 2℃,the initial date was in early May and mid-to-late April,respectively.With the temperature of lower than 5℃,the final date was generally from late April to early May.With the temperature of lower than 2℃,the final date was in mid-to-late April.Finally,the proper seeding stage should be from the end of March to the beginning of April,and the rice seedling may have risks of low temperature and low temperature damage in April.

关 键 词：吴忠引黄灌区 保墒旱直播水稻 播种期 苗期 低温 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]