从媒质受力分析其电极化响应与磁化响应的两种等效描述  

Understanding the equivalent descriptions for polarization and magnetization by analyzing the electromagnetic forces on mediums

作　　者：潘锐 聂铸阳 林方[1] 姚欣[1] 王磊[1] 张潇潇 唐禹 纪智宏 聂娅[1] 余天[1] 龚敏[1] PAN Rui;NIE Zhu-yang;LIN Fang;YAO Xin;WANG Lei;ZHANG Xiao-xiao;TANG Yu;JI Zhi-hong;NIE Ya;YU Tian;GONG Min(College of Physics,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学物理学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《大学物理》2021年第9期23-27,共5页College Physics

基　　金：2020年西南地区物理学术竞赛类教育教学改革研究项目;四川大学立项教材建设项目《电动力学》资助。

摘　　要：本文以媒质所受电磁场作用力为纽带,分别从极化电荷分布与电极化强度出发推导媒质所受电场作用力,从磁化电流与磁化强度出发推导媒介所受磁场作用力,不仅可以得到电极化强度与极化电荷体密度的关系以及磁化强度与磁化电流体密度的关系,还可直接得到孤立媒质边界处极化电荷面密度与电极化强度的关系以及磁化电流面密度与磁化强度的关系,故这种方法具有很强的通用性且更易理解.This article aims to build a connection between the polarized charge distribution and the electric polarization density by deriving the electric field force on a medium in two approaches.One is based on the polarized charge distribution and the other is based on the electric polarization density.This article also connects the magnetization density and the magnetizing current density by deriving the magnetic field force on a medium in two approaches based on the magnetization density and the magnetizing current density respectively.The methods used in this article not only show the aforementioned connections,but also directly tell the relationship between the polarized charge surface density and the electric polarization as well as the relation between the magnetization density and the magnetizing current surface density at the boundary of the medium,which is powerful and easy to learn.

关 键 词：媒质 电磁响应 电极化 磁化 极化电荷密度 磁化电流密度 

分 类 号：O442[理学—电磁学]