生物质炭和秸秆施用对黄褐土生化性质及小麦产量的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Straw Application on Soil Biochemical Properties and Wheat Yield in Yellow-cinnamon Soil

作　　者：邱丽丽 李增强[1] 徐基胜[1] 李慧[4] 赵炳梓[1] 张佳宝[1] QIU Lili;LI Zengqiang;XU Jisheng;LI Hui;ZHAO Bingzi;ZHANG Jiabao(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;School of Geographic Science and Tourism Management,Chuxiong Normal University,Chuxiong,Yunnan 675000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]楚雄师范学院地理科学与旅游管理学院,云南楚雄675000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《土壤》2021年第3期495-502,共8页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41271311)资助。

摘　　要：以位于河南省方城县的黄褐土田间定位试验为平台,监测生物质炭和秸秆连续施用4 a后小麦拔节期和成熟期土壤性质变化及其与成熟期籽粒产量的关系,明确影响小麦产量的主要土壤生化因子。试验包含6个处理,即分别在不施用生物质炭(–B)和施用生物质炭(+B)条件下各设置3个处理:(1)对照(CK),(2)单施化肥(NPK),(3)秸秆还田配施化肥(NPK+S)。结果表明:生物质炭和秸秆施用对土壤生化性质和籽粒产量的影响基本上不存在交互作用。连续4a施用生物质炭后,小麦产量平均降低了17.4%。尽管NPK+S与NPK处理间平均产量没有显著差异,但它们比CK处理产量分别增加了33.8%和37.4%。采用偏最小二乘法路径模型(PLS–PM)分别分析了拔节期和成熟期的土壤速效养分、活性有机质和酶活性对产量的影响,发现小麦拔节期的土壤速效养分含量,特别是氮素的供应是直接影响产量的最为重要因子;而成熟期土壤生化性质对作物产量的影响比较小。因此,为防止黄褐土上施用生物质炭和秸秆后小麦产量降低,需要特别注意小麦拔节期土壤氮素的补充。A four-year field experiment was conducted in Fangcheng County of Henan Province to disclose the relation between crop yield and soil properties at jointing and maturity stages of winter wheat planted with biochar application(+B) or not(–B), and both contained three treatments of chemical fertilizers(NPK), chemical fertilizers plus straw(NPK+S), and an amended control(CK). The results showed that biochar and straw had no interaction effect on wheat yield. The average wheat yield was reduced by 17.4% following continuous application of biochar for 4 a. Compared to CK, wheat yield of NPK+S and NPK treatments increased by 33.8% and 37.4%, respectively, while no significant differences in wheat yield existed between NPK+S and NPK treatments. Relationships between wheat yield and soil properties at jointing or maturity stages were obtained using PLS-PM model, and it was found that wheat yield was affected mostly by N supply at jointing stage, while soil properties had less effect on wheat yield at maturity stage. In conclusion, more attentions should be paid to N supply at jointing stage of wheat in the yellow-cinnamon soil to prevent yield decrease after biochar and straw are applied.

关 键 词：生物质炭 秸秆还田 速效养分 活性有机质 酶活性 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]