含木醋液水溶肥对干热风胁迫下小麦生长的影响  

Effect of Water-Soluble Fertilizer Containing Wood Vinegar on Wheat Growth Under Dry-hot Wind Stress

作　　者：张玉凤[1] 刘兆辉[1] 田慎重[1] 边文范[1] 董亮[1] 谭德水[1] 李瑞琴[1] ZHANG Yufeng;LIU Zhaohui;TIAN Shenzhong;BIAN Wenfan;DONG Liang;TAN Deshui;LI Ruiqin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer/Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Environmental Protection Fertilizers,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省植物营养与肥料重点实验室/山东省环保肥料工程技术研究中心,济南250100

出　　处：《土壤》2021年第3期519-524,共6页Soils

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF109044);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03);2020年度山东省重点扶持区域引进急需紧缺人才项目资助。

摘　　要：为明确在干热风胁迫下含木醋液水溶肥(简称木肥)对小麦生长的影响,以济麦22为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,通过设置清水、木肥、市购水溶肥(简称市购)、含海藻酸水溶肥(简称海肥)4个处理,研究了干热风胁迫3 d情况下,木肥对小麦生长、抗氧化酶活性、养分吸收的影响。结果表明:与清水处理相比,木肥处理使小麦产量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重分别提高24.22%、8.85%、9.95%和6.07%;秸秆、根生物量分别增加16.58%和11.84%;叶绿素含量提高2.41%~8.92%;籽粒氮含量提高6.28%;干热风胁迫处理后第1天(5月7日)所取叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别提高6.14%、105.32%、45.91%,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低6.76%。市购、海肥、木肥处理间相比,海肥处理的产量、穗粒数、千粒重和根重均最高,木肥处理的穗数、秸秆重最高,海肥、木肥处理的叶绿素含量基本显著高于市购处理,干热风胁迫处理后第9天(5月15日)所取叶片海肥处理的叶绿素含量显著高于木肥处理;海肥、木肥处理的秸秆钾含量高于市购处理,海肥处理的根钾含量高于市购处理,海肥、木肥处理的籽粒氮、磷、钾含量均高于市购处理;海肥、木肥处理的SOD、POD、CAT活性、5月7日所取叶片的MDA含量均高于市购处理。综合各项结果,在轻干热风胁迫3 d情况下,含木醋液水溶肥能显著提高小麦产量和穗粒数,主要原因是促进了小麦籽粒氮的吸收及干物质的累积,提高了小麦叶片合成叶绿素的能力,提高了抗氧化酶活性,降低小麦叶片膜脂过氧化程度,进而提高了小麦抗干热风的能力。A pot experiment was conducted with wheat variety Jimai-22 to understand the effect of water-soluble fertilizer containing wood vinegar(wood-fertilizer) on the growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient absorption of wheat under the less stress of dry and hot. Four treatments were designed including 1) clean water(CK), 2) wood-fertilizer, 3) conventional watersoluble fertilizer from market(market-fertilizer), and 4) water-soluble fertilizer containing alginate(alginate-fertilizer). The results showed that, compared with CK, wood-fertilizer treatment increased the yield, spike number, grains number per spike and 1000-kernel weight of wheat by 24.22%, 8.85%, 9.95% and 6.07%, respectively, increased straw and root weights, chlorophyll content in leaves, and nitrogen content in grains by 16.58%, 11.84%, 2.41%–8.92% and 6.28%, respectively. Meanwhile, wood-fertilizer treatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) by 6.14%, 105.32% and 45.91%, respectively, but decreased malondialdehyde(MDA) content by 6.76% in wheat leaves sampled on the first day after dry-hot wind stress(May 7). Alginate-fertilizer treatment had the highest of yield, grain number per spike, 1000-kernel weight and root weight, while, wood-fertilizer treatment got the highest of spike number and straws weight. Chlorophyll contents in leaves under alginate-fertilizer and wood-fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of market-fertilizer, chlorophyll content in leaves sampled on the ninth day after dry-hot wind stress(May 15) was significantly higher under alginate-fertilizer treatment than that of the wood-fertilizer treatment. Potassium content in straws, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in grains, SOD, POD, CAT activities and MDA content in leaves sampled on May 7 under alginate-fertilizer and wood-fertilizer treatments were higher than those of market-fertilizer treatment. Potassium content in roots under alginate-fertilizer treatment was higher than that of mark

关 键 词：小麦 干热风 木醋液 抗氧化酶 水溶肥 

分 类 号：S210.5045[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S210.2080[农业科学—农业工程]