儿童分配公平性 :发展特点与影响因素  

Distributive Justice of Children:Developmental Characteristic and Influencing Factors

作　　者：李志专 王培培 王瀞晗 卢家楣[2] 刘琼琼 LI Zhi-zhuan;WANG Pei-pei;WANG Jing-han;LU Jia-mei;LIU Qiong-qiong(College of Education,Fuyang Normal University,Fuyang,Anhui236037,China;College of Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai200234,China)

机构地区：[1]阜阳师范大学教育学院,安徽阜阳236037 [2]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《贵州工程应用技术学院学报》2021年第4期145-154,共10页Journal of Guizhou University Of Engineering Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“网络非正义信息对大学生社会正义感影响的心理机制及应对策略研究”,项目编号:19YJC190011;安徽省省级教学研究重点项目“网络思政视域下大学生社会正义感的情感涵育研究”,项目编号:2019jyxm0267;安徽省省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目“网络公正信息传播影响大学生正直行为的心理机制研究”,项目编号:S202010371059。

摘　　要：作为一种重要的社会规范,分配公平性对儿童道德和社会性发展具有重要意义。研究表明,儿童公平敏感性随年龄增长而逐渐敏感,3-5岁儿童分配原则由利己向平等过渡,6-8岁开始考虑按贡献分配资源,并最终获得公平观念;性别、社会关系亲疏、社会规则认知、心理理论水平、道德情绪水平及所处文化背景是儿童分配公平性发展的重要影响因素。当前儿童分配公平性研究已取得一定成果,但也存在诸多问题。今后研究应该尽可能统一概念界定,改良现有研究范式,积极探索适合儿童研究的认知神经科学方法,深入揭示儿童特定脑区功能与其分配公平性之间的复杂联系。As an important social norm,distribution justice is not only the core content of children’s moral development,but also has great significance for social development of children.According to the researches,Children's fairness sensitivity is gradually sensitive with the growth of age.From 3 to 5 years old,the principle of children's distribution changes from self-interest to equality,and children start to consider the allocation of resources according to contributions from 6 to 8 years old,until they finally acquire the concept of equity.Gender,social relations,cognition of social rules,theory of mind level,moral emotion level and cultural background are the important influencing factors of children's distributive justice development.Although researches on children's distributive justice has made some achievements recently,there are still many problems.Future research should try to unify the definition of concepts,improve the existing research paradigm,actively explore the cognitive neuroscience methods suitable for children research,and deeply reveal the complex relationship between the function of specific brain regions and distributive justice in children.

关 键 词：儿童 分配公平性 公平原则 独裁者博弈 最后通牒博弈 

分 类 号：G44[哲学宗教—心理学]