硝铵配比对银杏苗生长和叶品质及产量的影响  

Effect of ammonium nitrate ratios on the growth and leaf quality and yield of Ginkgo biloba seedlings

作　　者：花蕊 郁万文[1] 李婷婷[1] 汪贵斌[1] 曹福亮[1] HUA Rui;YU Wanwen;LI Tingting;WANG Guibin;CAO Fuliang(Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第3期1-9,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YED0600701);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出使叶用银杏高产优质的最佳硝铵配比。【方法】以2年生半同胞家系银杏苗为研究对象,设置5种硝铵比(0∶100、25∶75、50∶50、75∶25、100∶0),每盆总氮含量2 g,以不施氮肥为对照(CK),研究了不同硝铵配比对银杏苗木生长、叶生物量、叶片叶绿素含量、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量、叶片NPK含量、叶片总黄酮含量及其经济产量、叶片萜内酯含量及其经济产量的影响。【结果】各硝铵配比处理促进了银杏苗的生长,提高了叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、N、P、K的含量,同时提高了叶产量和总黄酮、萜内酯的经济产量。高比例的硝铵配比(75∶25)和单施硝铵(0∶100、100∶0)有利于总黄酮的积累,低比例的硝铵配比(25∶75)不利于总黄酮的积累,硝铵配比施肥不利于萜内酯的积累。单株叶产量与苗高相对生长量、地径相对生长量、单叶干质量、叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量、叶片N含量、叶片P含量、叶片K含量、总黄酮经济产量显著或极显著正相关,叶片总黄酮含量与总黄酮经济产量显著正相关,叶片萜内酯含量与单叶面积极显著负相关,单株黄酮经济产量与叶片可溶性糖含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量、叶片N含量、叶片P含量、叶片K含量、叶生物量、总黄酮含量显著或极显著正相关,单株萜内酯经济产量与比叶干质量、叶片总叶绿素含量、叶片可溶性蛋白含量、叶片N含量、总黄酮经济产量显著或极显著正相关。基于主成分分析法,进行各处理肥效的综合评价,硝铵配比75∶25处理的综合得分最高。【结论】高比例的硝铵配比能有效促进银杏的生长发育,提高叶品质,单施硝态氮的效果优于单施铵态氮,其中硝铵配比75∶25是促进银杏苗的生长和提高叶品质效果最佳的配比。【Objective】To screen out the optimum ammonium nitrate ratio for high yield and good quality of ginkgo leaves.【Method】2-year-old half-sib ginkgo seedlings were selected as the research object,5 kinds of nitrateammonium ratios(0∶100,25∶75,50∶50,75∶25,100∶0)were set,and the total nitrogen content in each pot was 2 g,and no nitrogen application was used as a control(CK).The effects of different ammonium-nitrate ratios on the growth,leaf biomass,leaf chlorophyll content,leaf soluble sugar content,leaf soluble protein content,leaf NPK content,leaf total flavonoids content and economic yield,leaf terpene lactone content and economic yield were studied.【Result】The treatments of ammonium nitrate ratios promoted the growth of ginkgo seedlings,increased leaf chlorophyll,soluble protein,N,P,and K content,and at the same time increased leaf yield and economic yield of total flavonoids and terpene lactones.High proportion of ammonium nitrate(75∶25)and single application of ammonium or nitrate(exactly nitrateammonium ratio of 0∶100 or 100∶0)were conducive to the accumulation of total flavonoids,while low proportion of ammonium nitrate(25∶75)was not conducive to the accumulation of total flavonoids.While ammonium nitrate combined fertilization was not conducive to the accumulation of terpene lactones.The leaf yield per plant was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with relative growth of seedling height,relative growth of ground diameter,dry mass of single leaf,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,N content,P content,K content and economic yield of total flavonoids.The total flavonoid content of leaves was significantly positively correlated with the economic yield of total flavonoids.The terpene lactone content was significantly negatively correlated with the single leaf area.The economic yield of flavonoids per plant was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar content,soluble protein content,N content,P content,K content

关 键 词：银杏 硝铵配比 叶产量 叶品质 

分 类 号：S606.2[农业科学—园艺学]