枣不同品种花发育时间节律比较  

Comparative observation of flower development time rhythm among cultivars of Chinese jujube

作　　者：孟宪巍 韩露 屈英月 马志航 王璐瑶 郁凤娇 赵锦[2,3] 刘孟军[1,2] MENG Xianwei;HAN Lu;QU Yingyue;MA Zhihang;WANG Luyao;YU Fengjiao;ZHAO Jin;LIU Mengjun(College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;Research Center of Chinese Jujube,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China;College of Life Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北农业大学中国枣研究中心,河北保定071000 [3]河北农业大学生命科学学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第3期92-98,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001605,2018YFD1000607,2020YFD1000705)。

摘　　要：【目的】为深入研究枣树快速成花机制和花期调控等提供参考依据。【方法】以极早熟品种‘月光’、中熟品种‘京枣39’和极晚熟品种‘冬枣’为试材,从结果母枝(枣股)主芽萌动起,连续采集新生枣吊(结果枝),利用石蜡切片法进行花芽形态分化的观察;自零级花蕾出现至零级花开放结束连续采样,使用XTJ-4400体视显微镜观察花蕾形态发育和单花开放过程,使用CAM-MA成像软件进行拍照。【结果】不同品种花发育过程各阶段的形态学特征高度一致,但各发育阶段的历时在品种间存在显著差异。3个品种花芽分化均呈"快—慢—快"的规律,即萼片期向花瓣期分化历时最长,其前后各分化阶段的历时相对较短。在多年生枝上,‘月光’‘京枣39’‘冬枣’的单花完成花芽分化分别约需8、11和13 d,花蕾发育分别约需26、28和34 d,单花开放全过程历时均为1~2 d。‘月光’‘京枣39’‘冬枣’从花芽开始分化到单花开放完成分别约需36、41和49 d。与多年生枝条相比,‘冬枣’当年生新枝上花的发育进程明显较慢,单花完成花芽分化、花发育和单花开放分别约需21、37和2 d,共历时约60 d。【结论】不同品种花发育进程存在显著差异;品种间花发育进程的差异主要表现在花芽分化的萼片期和花瓣期及花蕾发育阶段,单花开放的速度基本一致;当年生枝上花的发育速度明显慢于多年生枝。【Objective】To provide basic reference for further study of the mechanism of quick flower development and the regulation of flowering time in Chinese jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.).【Method】Extremely early-maturing cultivar’Yueguang’,medium-maturing cultivar’Jingzao 39’and extremely late-maturing cultivar’Dongzao’were used as experimental materials.Since mother bearing shoots sprouted,the new bearing shoots on them had been collected continuously for the observation of flower bud differentiation.The changes of tissue morphology of flower bud were observed under microscope by paraffin section method.From the appearance of the first bud of the inflorescence to the end of its opening,the buds/flowers were sampled continuously.The morphological development of flower bud and the opening process of single flower were observed under XTJ-4400 stereomicroscope,and the images were taken with CAM-MA imaging software.【Result】The morphological characteristics of each stage of flower development of different cultivars were highly consistent,but the developing period length of each stage was significantly different among cultivars.The duration of the six stages of flower bud differentiation of all the three cultivars showed the law of’fast-slow-fast’,that was,the differentiation from sepal stage to petal stage was the longest,and the differentiation time before and after this was relatively short.In the perennial branches,it took about 8,11 and 13 days to complete flower bud differentiation,26,28 and 34 days to finish flower bud morphological development,for’Yueguang’,’Jingzao 39’and’Donazao’,respectively.The blooming process of a single-flower lasted about 1-2 days for all the 3 cultivars.The duration from the start of flower bud differentiation to the end of single flower opening for’Yueguang’,’Jingzao 39’and’Donazao’was around 36,41 and 49 days,respectively.Compared with the perennial branch of’Donazao’,the flower development speed became obviously slower in the current ye

关 键 词：枣 品种 花芽分化 花蕾发育 单花开放 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]