核桃专用肥对核桃园土壤养分及坚果经济性状的影响  

Effect of walnut special fertilizer on orchard soil nutrients and nut economic properties

作　　者：朱建朝 张海燕 辛国 赵婷 汪海 杜倩倩 徐丽 秦楷 张波 赵恒 ZHU Jianzhao;ZHANG Haiyan;XIN Guo;ZHAO Ting;WANG Hai;DU Qianqian;XU Li;QIN Kai;ZHANG Bo;ZHAO Heng(Walnut Research Institute,Longnan Economic Forest Research Academy,Longnan 746000,Gansu,China;Gansu Walnut Engineering Technology Research Center,Longnan Economic Forest Research Academy,Longnan 746000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]陇南市经济林研究院核桃研究所,甘肃陇南746000 [2]陇南市经济林研究院甘肃省核桃工程技术研究中心,甘肃陇南746000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2021年第3期134-141,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范项目“陇南市核桃高效栽培关键技术示范与推广”([2019]ZYTGII);甘肃省林业厅科技计划项目“陇南市不同配方核桃专用肥区域试验研究”(2015kj030);甘肃省科技计划资助项目“甘肃省陇南特色经济林种质资源库”(18JR2TK036);甘肃省林业科技项目“核桃高接技术集成研究”(2015kj028);陇南市重点人才项目“核桃提质增效关键技术示范推广”(市委组[2019]101号)。

摘　　要：【目的】为核桃的优质丰产提供参考。【方法】以‘清香’核桃为研究对象,施用核桃专用肥后,对收获期核桃园土壤养分状况和坚果经济性状进行检测,坚果经济性状指标包括表型特征、风味物质组成及含量、蛋白质含量、氨基酸组成及含量、含油率、脂肪酸主要成分及相对含量。【结果】核桃坚果成熟采收时,施肥组土壤中N、P、K元素含量高于对照组,铵态氮含量高出(0.10±0.02)~(0.14±0.01)mg/kg,硝态氮含量高出(0.55±0.04)~(0.86±0.07)mg/kg,有效磷含量高出(0.35±0.08)~(1.86±0.24)mg/kg,速效钾含量高出(4.80±0.07)~(6.18±0.52)mg/kg。核桃坚果表型特征变化显著(P<0.05),施肥组坚果纵径增加了(0.40±0.01)~(0.61±0.28)cm,横径增加了(0.40±0.04)~(0.47±0.01)cm,侧径增加了(0.29±0.01)~(0.48±0.10)cm,单果质量增加了(0.56±0.04)~(0.69±0.10)g。核桃仁质量增加了(0.66±0.01)~(0.91±0.10)g,出仁率增加了(1.33±0.76)~(1.84±0.01)个百分点。核桃仁风味物质含量增加显著(P<0.05)。施肥组核桃仁蛋白质含量增加了(55.49±4.58)~(64.49±3.74)mg/g(P<0.05),其中天冬氨酸含量增加了(0.44±0.02)~(1.53±0.07)mg/g,谷氨酸含量增加了(0.70±0.12)~(1.23±0.05)mg/g,亮氨酸含量增加了(0.50±0.01)~(0.74±0.03)mg/g,精氨酸含量增加了(0.62±0.05)~(1.67±0.90)mg/g。与对照相比较,施肥组核桃仁含油率增加了(3.22±0.02)~(7.90±0.42)个百分点(P>0.05),主要脂肪酸成分是棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬酯酸(C18:0)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、亚麻酸(C18:3),其相对含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】施用核桃专用肥能够提升核桃坚果品质,主要体现在坚果表型特征和核桃仁风味物质、蛋白质、氨基酸(特别是天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸)的含量及含油率方面。【Objective】Provide a reference for the production of walnuts with good quality and high yield.【Method】Taking’Qingxiang’walnut as the research object,the soil nutrient status and nut economic traits of walnut orchard during harvest period were detected after applying walnut special fertilizer.The economic traits of nuts included phenotypic characteristics,flavor substances composition and content,protein content,amino acid composition and content,oil content,main components and relative content of fatty acids.【Result】The content of N,P and K in the fertilization group was higher than that in the control group,and the content of ammonium nitrogen was higher than that in the control group(0.10±0.02)-(0.14±0.01)mg/kg,the content of nitrate nitrogen was(0.55±0.04)-(0.86±0.07)mg/kg,and the content of available phosphorus was(0.35±0.08)-(1.86±0.24)mg/kg,and the content of available potassium was(4.80±0.07)-(6.18±0.52)mg/kg.The phenotypic characteristics of walnut changed significantly(P<0.05),and the longitudinal diameter of nuts in the fertilization group increased by(0.40±0.01)-(0.61±0.28)cm,and the transverse diameter increased by(0.40±0.04)-(0.47±0.01)cm,the lateral diameter increased by(0.29±0.01)-(0.48±0.10)cm,and the mass of single fruit increased by(0.56±0.04)-(0.69±0.10)g,the quality of walnut kernel increased by(0.66±0.01)-(0.91±0.10)g,and the kernel rate increased by(1.33±0.76)-(1.84±0.01)percentage poins.The content of flavor substances in walnut kernel increased significantly(P<0.05).The protein content of walnut kernel in the fertilization group increased by(55.49±4.58)-(64.49±3.74)mg/g(P<0.05),and the content of Asp acid increased by(0.44±0.02)-(1.53±0.07)mg/g,Glu content increased by(0.70±0.12)-(1.23±0.05)mg/g,Leu content increased by(0.50±0.01)-(0.74±0.03)mg/g,Arg content increased by(0.62±0.05)-(1.67±0.90)mg/g.Compared with the control group,the oil content of walnut kernel in the fertilization group increased by(3.22±0.02)-(7.90±0.42)percentage poins(P<0

关 键 词：配方专用肥 土壤养分 坚果经济性状 影响 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]