美凤蝶觅食过程中的视觉和嗅觉利用  

Visual and olfactory responses of foraging Papilio memnon

作　　者：刘杰 李明涛[1] 陈顺安 石雷 陈晓鸣[1] LIU Jie;LI Ming-Tao;CHEN Shun-An;SHI Lei;CHEN Xiao-Ming(Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration,Research Institute of Resources Insects,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650224,China;Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,国家林业局资源昆虫培育与利用重点实验室,昆明650224 [2]南京林业大学,南京210037

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2021年第4期868-875,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目“特色资源昆虫主导的乡村振兴示范样板建设”(CAFYBB2019ZC004)。

摘　　要：【目的】植物的花色和花香是访花蝴蝶识别花蜜的重要信息来源,本研究旨在利用花香挥发物、蜂蜜水加花色的诱集试验探讨美凤蝶Papiliomemnon视觉、嗅觉在觅食行为中的作用。【方法】测试美凤蝶对不同颜色的假花和喷施蜂蜜的假花的行为反应,采用触角电位仪(EAG)测定美凤蝶对花香挥发物的触角电位反应,并通过行为学进行验证。【结果】在无气味的7种颜色的假花诱集时,美凤蝶对蓝色(440-475 nm)、紫色(380-420 nm)和红色(615-630 nm)显示出明显的颜色趋性;在假花上喷洒蜂蜜水后,雌雄蝶总体访花次数增加1.85倍;在单一蜂蜜水、苯甲醇和苯甲醛气味诱集时,美凤蝶访问次数较少,而在气味基础上加蓝色假花诱集时,蜂蜜水诱集时美凤蝶访问次数增加了27.40倍,苯甲醇和苯甲醛诱集时美凤蝶访问次数增加了52.59倍和75.80倍。而在颜色与颜色加气味比较时,蜂蜜水诱集时美凤蝶访问次数只增加了1.41倍,苯甲醇和苯甲醛诱集时美凤蝶访问次数增加了2.67倍和2.16倍。雌雄蝶对花颜色和挥发物的敏感性均有区别,美凤蝶雌蝶对颜色和挥发物(蜂蜜水、苯甲醇和苯甲醛)的敏感性高于雄蝶(P<0.05)。【结论】颜色是美凤蝶觅食的主要因子,单一气味对美凤蝶的引诱作用有限。美凤蝶在觅食过程中,以视觉为主嗅觉为辅,雌蝶对颜色和气味的识别能力和敏感性高于雄蝶,推断可能与雌蝶在繁殖中扮演的角色相关。[Objectives]To investigate the use of visual and olfactory information during foraging by the butterfly Papilio memnon.[Methods]The cues used by P.memnon to locate food plants were investigated using different colored artificial flowers and artificial flowers sprayed with honey water.In addition,the antennal responses of P.memnon to floral volatiles were measured with an Electroantennogram(EAG),and significant responses to specific volatiles were later verified in behavioral trials.[Results]When given a choice between 7 colours of odorless,artificial flowers butterflies displayed an obvious preference for blue(440-475 nm),purple(380-420 nm)and red(615-630 nm),flowers.The application of 10%honey solution to these flowers resulted in a 1.85-fold increase in the mating frequency of female and male butterflies.Butterflies did not respond to a single odor(honey,benzyl,alcohol or benzaldehyde).However,the application of honey to artificial blue flowers was followed by a 27.4 fold increase in the chasing frequency of adults,and the application of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde increased the number of visits to these flowers by 52.59 and 75.80 fold,respectively.Compared to color,color plus honey solution increased the number of visits by 1.41 times,whereas the use of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde increased the visitation rate by 2.67 and 2.16 times,respectively.Females were more responsive than males to both color and volatile compounds(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Color is the main factor influencing the foraging activity of P.memnon.Single odors have a limited effect,olfaction playing a secondary,but complementary,role to vision.Females have better color and odor recognition than males,which may be related to their reproductive role.

关 键 词：美凤蝶 视觉 嗅觉 花色 挥发物 触角电位 行为反应 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]