吸虱亚目trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因间独立进化和协同进化的研究  

Independent and concerted evolution of the trnL_(1)(tag) and trnL_(2)(taa) genes in Anoplura

作　　者：张艳芳 董文鸽 陈婷 ZHANG Yan-Fang;DONG Wen-Ge;CHEN Ting(Institute of Pathogens and Vectors,Dali University,Dali 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学病原与媒介生物研究所,大理671000

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2021年第4期920-930,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660314,32060143);云南省自然科学基金项目(No.2016FB135);大理大学媒介生物学创新团队项目(ZKLK2019104)。

摘　　要：【目的】吸虱亚目是真兽类动物的永久专性体表寄生虫。吸虱亚目的线粒体基因组发生了剧烈的裂化,形成了不同于以往典型单一大环的多个裂化微环。本文对17种吸虱以及外群尖叫虱Bothriometopus macrocnemis的trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因序列进行比较分析,探讨trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因间的独立进化和协同进化。【方法】对云南采集到的3科3属4种吸虱(弯多板虱Polyplax reclinata、锯多板虱Polyplax serrata、太平洋甲胁虱Hoplopleura pacifica和麝鼩钩板虱Ancistroplax crocidurae),用IlluminaMiSeq PE250平台高通量测序后与GenBank中查找的其它13种吸虱及尖叫虱的trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因序列进行比较,采用最大简约法(Maximumparsimony,MP)分析17种吸虱trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因的进化关系。【结果】17种吸虱的trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因均形成典型的三叶草结构,trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因在虱属、阴虱属和猴虱属中有较长的等同序列;在甲胁虱属和钩板虱属中有很短的等同序列;在多板虱属、微胸虱属和血虱属中的等同序列介于二者之间。常见典型单一环状线粒体基因组物种的trnL_(1)(tag)和trn L_(2)(taa)基因等同序列的长度在6-10 bp之间。对17种吸虱的trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因序列进行同源性比较分析,发现不同属吸虱的trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因序列相似度差异较大,同属内吸虱的trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因序列相似度差异较小。基于17种吸虱及尖叫虱的trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因构建系统进化树,结果表明trnL_(1)(tag)、trnL_(2)(taa)及trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因间既有协同进化又有独立进化。【结论】trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因等同序列较长的吸虱易发生协同进化,等同序列较短的吸虱易发生独立进化。吸虱亚目的trnL_(1)(tag)和trnL_(2)(taa)基因协同进化是长期的或发生在远缘物种间,而独�[Objectives]Anoplura(lice)are obligate ectoparasites of eutherians.The mitochondrial genome of Anoplura has undergone drastic fragmentation and formed multiple mitochondrial minicircular chromosomes that differ from the typical single mitochondrial genome.Sequences of trnL_(1)(tag)and trnL_(2)(taa)genes from 17 species of sucking lice and an outgroup(the screamer louse,Bothriometopus macrocnemis)were compared to investigate the independent,and concerted,evolution of these genes.[Methods]The trnL_(1)(tag)and trnL_(2)(taa)genes of 4 species of sucking lice from 3 genera and 3 families collected in Yunnan(Polyplax reclinata,Polyplax serrata,Hoplopleura pacifica,Ancistroplax crocidurae)were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq PE250 platform,and compared with those of 13 other species and the screamer louse outgroup obtained from GenBank.Evolutionary relationships among species were inferred using the maximum parsimony method(MP)and the homology of trnL_(1)(tag)and trnL_(2)(taa)gene sequences was analyzed.[Results]The trnL_(1)(tag)and trnL_(2)(taa)genes of all 17 species of sucking lice formed a typical clover structure.TrnL_(1)(tag)and trnL_(2)(taa)genes have very long identical sequences in Pediculus,Pthirus and Pedicinus,very short identical sequences in Hoplopleura and Ancistroplax,and intermediate length sequences in Polyplax,Microthoracius and Haematopinus.The length of identical trnL_(1)(tag)and trnL_(2)(taa)gene sequences in common,typical,single circular,mitochondrial genome species is 6-10 bp.Sequences in different genera sucking lice were significantly different,whereas those in the same genus were only slightly different.A phylogenetic tree indicates that there has been both concerted,and independent,evolution of the trnL_(1)(tag),trnL_(2)(taa),trnL_(1)(tag)and trnL_(2)(taa)genes.[Conclusion]Sucking lice with longer identical trnL_(1)(tag)and trnL_(2)(taa)gene sequences are more likely to have undergone concerted evolution,whereas those with shorter identical sequences are more li

关 键 词：吸虱 trnL_(1)(tag) trnL_(2)(tag) 裂化线粒体基因组 协同进化 独立进化 

分 类 号：S852.744[农业科学—基础兽医学]