秸秆有机肥交替施用对黑土理化特性及菌群结构的影响  

The effects of alternation of straw and organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of black soil and the structure of bacterial and fungal community

作　　者：杨彦明 周祎 张兴隆[1] 张博文 盛阳阳 YANG Yan-ming;ZHOU Yi;ZHANG Xing-long;ZHANG Bo-wen;SHENG Yang-yang(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010019)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第4期1-10,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：农业农村部黑土地保护与利用试点项目(2016-GC0082-5);公益性行业(农业)科研专项“东北地区黑土保育及有机质提升关键技术研究与示范”(201303126)。

摘　　要：为阐明秸秆、有机肥交替施用方式和施用量对黑土耕层理化特性及细菌、真菌群落结构的影响,于2017~2018年,设"有机肥→秸秆"(AB)、"秸秆→有机肥"(BA)两种施用模式,每种模式下设3个施用量(有机肥15000、30000、45000 kg/hm^(2);秸秆9000、12000、15000 kg/hm^(2)),不施秸秆、有机肥为对照(CK),共7个处理,研究了土壤含水量、温度、容重、紧实度、粒级、pH、电导率变化,应用高通量测序技术分析了玉米根际土壤细菌、真菌群落变化特征。结果表明:秸秆、有机肥交替施用可降低0~20 cm土层土壤容重、紧实度,且AB模式优于BA模式。AB模式可显著降低0~20 cm土层土壤温度,BA呈相反规律。秸秆、有机肥交替施用后可改善土壤团聚体状况,降低≥0.25 mm土壤大团聚体含量,优化土壤物理结构。秸秆、有机肥交替施用,中等施用量处理显著降低土壤真菌群落多样性,其中AB模式显著影响土壤微生物群落结构,且随施用量增加,处理间差异逐渐增大。有机肥、秸秆交替施用,土壤容重、紧实度、pH是影响土壤细菌群落的主要因子,而真菌受土壤温度、pH、紧实度影响较大。两种模式下各处理较CK均可提高变形菌门、Saccharibacteria、拟杆菌门相对丰度,降低硝化螺旋菌门相对丰度,AB模式表现最佳;真菌方面,AB模式下各处理较CK提高担子菌门相对丰度,降低子囊菌门相对丰度。同时,研究表明提高有机肥、秸秆施用量可提高被孢霉门相对丰度。This paper is to clarify the effects of straw and organic fertilizer with alternate application method and amount on black soil physical and chemical characteristics and the community structure of bacteria and fungi.In 2017~2018,"Organic fertilizer→Straw"(AB),"Straw→Organic fertilizer"(BA)mode were designed,each mode consisted of three gradients(organic fertilizer 15000,30000,45000 kg/hm^(2);straw 9000,12000,15000 kg/hm^(2)),no straw,organic fertilizer as the control(CK),to a total of 7 treatments,to research the changes of soil moisture content,temperature,density,compactness,graded,pH,EC.The maize rhizosphere bacteria and fungi flora characteristics was analyzed using highthroughput sequencing technology.The results showed that:alternation straw and organic fertilizer reduced the bulk density and soil compactness of 0~20 cm soil layer,and the AB model was better than the BA model.The AB model significantly reduces 0~20 cm soil layer temperature,while the BA model increased 0~20 cm soil layer temperature.Straw and organic fertilizer could be used alternately to improve the condition of soil aggregates,reduce the content of large aggregates in soil≥0.25 mm,and optimize the physical structure of soil.The diversity of soil fungal community was significantly reduced by the alternate application of straw and organic fertilizer at the medium amount.The application patterns of organic fertilizer and straw significantly affected the structure of soil microbial community.Soil bulk density,compactness and pH were the main factors affecting the soil bacterial community under the alternate application of organic fertilizer and straw,while fungi were greatly affected by soil temperature,pH and compactness.Compared with CK,each treatment improved the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Saccharinbacteria and Bacteroidetes,reduced the relative abundance of Nitrospirae,and the AB model had the best performance.In terms of fungi,the relative abundance of Basidiomycetes was increased and the relative abundance of Ascomycete

关 键 词：秸秆 有机肥 黑土 细菌 真菌 群落结构 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]