青海省春油菜区土壤养分分布特征与肥力评价  

Distribution characteristics and fertility evaluation of soil nutrients in spring rape area of Qinghai province

作　　者：付蓉 袁久东 陈姣 胥婷婷 徐倩 宋佳 张洋 张荣 田汇 高亚军[1,3] FU Rong;YUAN Jiu-dong;CHEN Jiao;XU Ting-ting;XU Qian;SONG Jia;ZHANG Yang;ZHANG Rong;TIAN Hui;GAO Ya-jun(College of Natural Resource and Environment,Northwest Agricuture and Forestry University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100;Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Academy of Agricultural and Forestry,Qinghai University,Xining Qinghai 810016;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]青海大学农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,青海西宁810016 [3]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第4期33-46,共14页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200907);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503124);农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队培养计划项目。

摘　　要：为制定科学的施肥策略,实现青海省春油菜高产优质以及农业的绿色可持续发展,在湟中、大通、互助、尖扎、循化、化隆、平安、乐都和贵德9个春油菜主产县区采集223份耕层土壤,通过测定主要养分含量,分析养分丰缺状况,结合ArcGIS中的Kriging插值法研究了春油菜区耕层土壤肥力分布特征及质量评价。结果表明:青海省春油菜主产区土壤各养分平均含量分别为:有机质24.60 g/kg(中等),全氮1.77 g/kg(丰富),全磷0.99g/kg(丰富),全钾29.64 g/kg(很丰富),有效磷40.55 mg/kg(很丰富),速效钾146.39 mg/kg(中等),有效铁11.96 mg/kg(丰富),有效锰6.32 mg/kg(中等),有效铜0.69 mg/kg(中等),有效锌1.42 mg/kg(中等),有效硼0.34 mg/kg(缺乏)。土壤综合肥力指数法评价结果表明,青海省春油菜主产区土壤肥力综合指数为0.61,土壤肥力较好,各县区土壤综合肥力指数排序为:大通(0.728,较好)>湟中(0.652,较好)>平安(0.616,较好)>互助(0.604,较好)>贵德(0.595,中等)>化隆(0.591,中等)>乐都(0.582,中等)>循化(0.554,中等)>尖扎(0.518,中等)。综合本区域土壤肥力现状,提出青海春油菜田增施有机肥、针对性降低氮磷肥用量、全面重视硼、锌、锰微肥的调控方案。Investigation and explication on spatial distribution of soil nutrients in the spring rapeseed area of Qinghai province will be conducive to formulating adequate fertilization strategies,realizing high-yield and good-quality of spring rape,and promoting sustainable development of agriculture.223 soil samples of farmlands for spring rape were collected from nine spring rapeseed producing counties,including Huangzhong,Datong,Huzhu,Jianzha,Xunhua,Hualong,Ping’an,Ledu and Guide of southeastern Qinghai province.The primary soil nutrient contents were determined,nutrient abundance and deficiency were analyzed,and the soil fertility status and spatial distribution characteristics of spring rape fields were studied by Kriging interpolation method in ArcGIS.The results showed that average soil nutrient contents of the main spring rape production areas in Qinghai province were:organic matter 24.60 g/kg(moderate),total N 1.77 g/kg(rich),total P 0.99 g/kg(rich),total K 29.64 g/kg(very rich),available P 40.55 mg/kg(very rich),available K 146.39 mg/kg(moderate),available Fe 11.96 mg/kg(rich),available Mn 6.32 mg/kg(moderate),available Cu 0.69 mg/kg(moderate),available Zn 1.42 mg/kg(moderate),available B 0.34 mg/kg(deficient).The evaluation results show that the integrated soil fertility indices of spring rapeseed planting area in Qinghai province is 0.61,and the quality of soil fertility is good.The order of integrated soil fertility indices of each county is as follows:Datong(0.728,better)> Huangzhong(0.652,better)> Ping’an(0.616,better)> Huzhu(0.604,better)> Guide(0.595,medium)> Hualong(0.591,Medium)> Ledu(0.582,medium)> Xunhua(0.554,medium)> Jianzha(0.518,medium).According to the present situation of soil fertility in this region,the regulation scheme of increasing the organic fertilizer,reducing the amount of N and P fertilizer and paying attention to B,Zn and Mn micro-fertilizer in spring rape field in Qinghai was put forward.

关 键 词：青海省 春油菜 土壤养分 空间分布 土壤综合肥力指数 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S565.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]