保水剂和微生物菌肥配施对旱作土壤理化性质和燕麦产量的影响  

Effects of the combination of super absorbent polymer and microbial fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties and oat yield in dry farmland

作　　者：田露[1] 刘景辉[1] 赵宝平[1] 米俊珍[1] 李英浩 费楠 TIAN Lu;LIU Jing-hui;ZHAO Bao-ping;MI Jun-zhen;LI Ying-hao;FEI Nan(Agronomy College of Inner Mongolia Agriculture University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010019)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第4期109-117,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(燕麦加工技术研究与旱作高产栽培示范推广项目,201802062);内蒙古自治区科技成果转化项目(燕麦新品种与绿色种植技术成果转化与应用,2019CG017);国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-08-B-5)。

摘　　要：为探讨保水剂和微生物菌肥配施后旱作燕麦土壤理化性质和产量的影响,在内蒙古黄土高原旱作农田设置不施用保水剂和微生物菌肥(CK)、保水剂和微生物菌肥配施(A)、单施微生物菌肥(B)和单施保水剂(C)4个处理,分析土壤贮水量、容重、团聚体以及有机质和养分含量变化,为该区域旱作农业生产提供一种有效的培肥改土措施。结果表明,保水剂、微生物菌肥单施和其配施均能不同程度改善土壤理化性质,提高燕麦产量,其中配施与CK和两个单施处理相比,土壤贮水量提高2.0%~22.1%;土壤容重降低幅度2.2%~5.5%;土壤孔隙度提高幅度3.2%~9.0%;>0.25 mm土壤团聚体含量提高5.9%~17.7%;土壤有机质提高3.1%~13.2%;土壤碱解氮提高3.2%~4.2%、土壤有效磷提高7.9%~19.6%、土壤速效钾提高5.4%~13.6%;籽粒产量提高8.4%~20.1%,生物产量提高11.7%~25.1%。综上所述,保水剂和微生物菌肥配施能够有效改善黄土高原旱作区土壤理化性质,提高燕麦产量,较两者单施具有明显优势。In order to study the effects of combination of super absorbent polymer and microbial fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties and yield of dry-farming oats,four treatments,including no application of water retaining agent and microbial fertilizer(CK),combination of super absorbent polymers and microbial fertilizer(A),single application of microbial fertilizer(B)and single application of super absorbent polymers(C)were set up in the dryland area of the Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia,and the changes of soil water storage content,soil bulk density,aggregates and organic matter and nutrient content were analyzed,aiming at providing an effective measures for improving soil quality in this area.The results showed that,single application of super absorbent polymers and microbial fertilizer,combination of them all improved soil physical and chemical properties and oat yield,compared with CK and the two single application treatments,it improved soil water storage content by 2.0% ~ 22.1%,decreased soil bulk density by 2.2% ~ 5.5%,increased soil total porosity by 3.2% ~ 9.0%,increased >0.25 mm soil aggregates content by 5.9% ~ 17.7%,increased soil organic matter content by 3.1% ~ 13.2%,increased soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen content by 3.2%~14.2%,increased soil available phosphorus content by 7.9%~19.6%,increased soil available potassium content by 5.4% ~ 13.6%.The combination treatment had the best effects on oat yield,the grain yield increased by 8.4% ~ 20.1%,the biological yield increased by 11.7% ~ 25.1%.In conclusion,the application of super absorbent polymer and microbial fertilizer can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and increase the yield of oats in the dryland area of the Loess Plateau,which has obvious advantages over the application of both alone.

关 键 词：保水剂 微生物菌肥 旱作燕麦 土壤理化性质 产量 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S512.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]