喷施木醋液与有机水溶肥协同对小麦抗干热风的影响  

Effects of spraying wood vinegar and organic water-soluble fertilizer on wheat resistance to dry hot wind

作　　者：张玉凤[1] 刘兆辉[1] 田慎重[1] 边文范[1] 董亮[1] 李瑞琴[1] ZHANG Yu-feng;LIU Zhao-hui;TIAN Shen-zhong;BIAN Wen-fan;DONG Liang;LI Rui-qin(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer/Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Environmental Protection Fertilizers,Jinan Shandong 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省植物营养与肥料重点实验室/山东省环保肥料工程技术研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第4期234-240,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2019GSF109044);国家小麦产业技术体系“养分管理及麦田环境治理”岗位科学家项目(CARS-03);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019XM002);山东省重大科技创新工程计划(2019JZZY010701-2);山东省大科学计划(2018-001)。

摘　　要：为了检验木醋液与有机水溶肥协同作用能否提高小麦抗干热风的能力。采用盆栽试验,通过模拟干热风胁迫,研究了叶面肥、木醋液、木醋液+含海藻酸水溶肥(木+海肥)、木醋液+含腐植酸水溶肥(木+腐肥)对小麦产量、叶绿素、养分、抗氧化酶等指标的影响。结果表明:与清水处理相比,叶面肥、木醋液、木+海肥、木+腐肥处理的产量、穗粒数、千粒重分别增加1.15%~26.57%、5.36%~23.00%、0.88%~7.99%;木醋液、木+腐肥处理的秸秆重分别增加7.43%和14.76%;木醋液、木+腐肥处理的根重分别增加27.26%和13.89%;木+腐肥处理的叶绿素含量最高,增幅为0.88%~3.94%;木醋液处理的秸秆氮、磷含量分别增加9.20%和11.11%;叶面肥、木醋液、木+海肥、木+腐肥处理的籽粒氮、磷、钾含量增幅分别为2.19%~6.57%、13.04%~23.91%、9.68%~12.90%;5月11日的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性增幅分别为9.09%~18.15%、1.08%~15.30%,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低0.94%~11.69%。说明木醋液与有机水溶肥协同能够提高小麦抗干热风的能力,主要表现在提高小麦产量、生物量及氮磷钾向籽粒的转移,提高SOD、POD活性,降低MDA含量。在产量、生物量、叶绿素、SOD、POD、MDA方面,木醋液+含腐植酸水溶肥效果最好;在促进养分向籽粒转移方面木醋液+含海藻酸水溶肥效果最好。In order to test whether the synergistic effect of wood vinegar and organic water-soluble fertilizer can improve the ability of wheat to resist dry hot wind,the effects of foliar fertilizer,wood vinegar,wood vinegar + alginate water-soluble fertilizer(wood + alginate fertilizer),wood vinegar + humic acid water-soluble fertilizer(wood + humic acid fertilizer) on wheat yield,chlorophyll,nutrients,antioxidant enzymes and other indicators were studied by pot experiment under simulated dry hot wind stress. The results showed that compared with the treatment of water,wood vinegar,wood + alginate fertilizer,wood + humic acid fertilizer treatments increased the yield,grain number per spike and the weight of 1000 grains of foliar fertilizer by 1.15% ~ 26.57%,5.36% ~ 23.00%,0.88% ~ 7.99%,respectively. Straw weight of wood vinegar, wood + humic acid treatments increased by 7.43% and 14.76%,respectively. Root weight of wood vinegar,wood + humic acid treatment increased by 27.26% and 13.89%,respectively. The chlorophyll of wood + humic acid treatment was the highest,increased by 0.88% ~ 3.94%. The N and P content in straw of wood vinegar treatment increased by 9.20% and 11.11%,respectively,and the N,P and K content in grain of foliar fertilizer,wood vinegar,wood + alginate fertilizer,wood + humic acid fertilizer treatments increased by 2.19% ~ 6.57%,13.04% ~ 23.91%,9.68% ~ 12.90% respectively;On May 11,SOD activity increased by 9.09% ~ 18.15%,POD activity increased by 1.08% ~ 15.30%,malondialdehyde(MDA)content decreased by 0.94% ~ 11.69%. The results showed that the combination of wood vinegar and organic watersoluble fertilizer could improve the ability of wheat to resist dry hot wind,mainly in improving wheat yield,biomass and the transfer of N,P,K to grain,increasing SOD and POD activity,and reducing MDA content. Wood vinegar + water-soluble fertilizer with humic acid was the best in yield,biomass and chlorophyll,SOD、POD、MDA of wheat. Wood vinegar + water-soluble fertilizer with alginate was the best in promoting nutri

关 键 词：木醋液 含海藻酸水溶肥 含腐植酸水溶肥 小麦 干热风 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]