集散地蔬菜废弃物养分特征分析——以武汉白沙洲农副产品大市场为例  

Nutrients characteristics of vegetable wastes from vegetable distribution center——A case study of Baishazhou market of agricultural and sideline products in Wuhan

作　　者：徐金刚 夏贤格 李方敏[1] 杨利 张敏敏[2,3] 段小丽 聂新星[2,3] 陈云峰 XU Jin-gang;XIA Xian-ge;LI Fang-min;YANG Li;ZHANG Min-min;DUAN Xiao-li;NIE Xin-xing;CHEN Yun-feng(College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou Hubei 434023;Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan Hubei 430064;Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan Hubei 430064)

机构地区：[1]长江大学化学与环境工程学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室,湖北武汉430064 [3]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,湖北武汉430064

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第4期250-257,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：湖北省生态循环农业创新体系项目;湖北省农业科学院领军人才项目;湖北省技术创新专项重大项目(2018ABA091)。

摘　　要：集散地是蔬菜废弃物产生的主要场所之一,目前大多数蔬菜废弃物养分调查主要集中在大田上,对集散地蔬菜废弃物养分特征的调查较少。以武汉市白沙洲蔬菜批发市场为例,调查8种叶菜类蔬菜、10种茄果类蔬菜、12种块茎类蔬菜的废弃物养分特征,并与大田、混合来源的废弃物养分特征进行比较,分析其作为堆肥原料的优缺点。结果表明,集散地蔬菜废弃物为高含水量(84.84%~92.57%)、低碳氮比(11.61~23.27)的富氮原料,且有机质含量高(557.02~632.56 g·kg^(-1))、养分含量高(5.34%~8.97%)、弱酸性(p H为4.86~5.33)。不同类蔬菜废弃物之间养分特征差异较大,碳氮比、半纤维素含量为叶菜类<茄果类<块茎类,氮磷钾养分则为叶菜类>茄果类>块茎类。与大田或混合来源的蔬菜废弃物相比,集散地蔬菜废弃物半纤维素含量更高,pH及纤维素含量则较低。总之,集散地蔬菜废弃物是一种合适的堆肥原料,但水分过高,在原料配比中应注意水分的调节。The vegetable distribution center is one of the most important sources of vegetable wastes. At present,most investigations have focused on nutrients characteristics of vegetable wastes from farmland,and seldom on distribution center. In this study,the nutrient characteristics of 8 kinds of leaf vegetable wastes,10 kinds of solanaceous vegetable wastes and 12 kinds of tuber vegetable wastes from Baishazhou market of agricultural and sideline products in Wuhan were investigated to evaluate the feasibility of vegetable wastes as the raw materials for compost. The waste nutrient characteristics from vegetable distribution center were compared with those from farm and mixed sources of farm and vegetable distribution center. The results showed that vegetable wastes from the distribution center had the characteristics of high moisture content(84.84% ~ 92.57%),low carbon nitrogen ratio(C/N,11.61 ~ 23.27),high organic matter content(557.02 ~ 632.56 g·kg^(-1)),high nutrient content(5.34% ~ 8.97%),and low pH(4.86 ~ 5.33). There were great distinctions of properties in different types of wastes,the C/N and the content of hemicellulose ranked with leaf vegetables < solanaceous vegetables < tuber vegetables,while opposite results were observed on nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents. Comparing to the wastes from farm and mixed sources,the wastes from distribution center had higher hemicellulose content,lower pH and cellulose. In conclusion,vegetable wastes from the distribution center are suitable composting raw materials,but the moisture content is too high. Therefore,attention should be paid to the adjustment of moisture in the raw material ratio.

关 键 词：叶菜类蔬菜废弃物 茄果类蔬菜废弃物 块茎类蔬菜废弃物 堆肥 蔬菜集散地 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]