混合营养生物反应器同步去除水中高氯酸盐和硝酸盐  

Combined heterotrophic and sulfur-autotrophic bioreactor for synchronous removal of perchlorate and nitrate from aqueous solution

作　　者：史乃元 赵继红[1] 万东锦[1] 何巧冲 韦贞鸽 刘永德[1] SHI Naiyuan;ZHAO Jihong;WAN Dongjin;HE Qiaochong;WEI Zhenge;LIU Yongde(School of Environmental Engineering,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Zhengzhou Environmental Monitoring Center,Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学环境工程学院,郑州450001 [2]河南省郑州生态环境监测中心,郑州450007

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第8期2801-2809,共9页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878251);河南省优秀青年科学基金项目(212300410034)。

摘　　要：针对水体硝酸盐和高氯酸盐复合污染,建立了异养和硫自养协同作用的混合营养型一体式生物反应器,采取异养投加不足量有机碳源、硫自养和异养共同承担负荷的策略,以解决异养有机物二次污染和硫自养法中副产物硫酸根过量的问题。考察了水力停留时间(HRT)和碳源投加量对高氯酸盐去除的影响。结果表明:当进水NO_(3)^(-)-N质量浓度为(20.21±0.23)mg·L^(-1)、ClO_(4)^(-)质量浓度为(20.12±0.12)mg·L^(-1)、HRT由4 h降低到2、1和0.5 h时,反应器均能实现对硝酸盐(>96.2%)和高氯酸盐(>96.9%)的高效去除;在HRT为4 h和0.5 h时,出水硫酸根质量浓度分别为(273±10)mg·L^(-1)和(129±3)mg·L^(-1),较长的HRT会导致硫歧化反应发生,从而使出水硫酸根浓度有所增加;当HRT为0.5 h时,混合营养条件下反应器出水硫酸根质量浓度比单独硫自养减少了63 mg·L^(-1),表明混合营养生物反应器能够有效减少硫酸根的产生;反应器出水不可吹除有机碳(nonpurgeable organic carbon,NPOC)小于2.68 mg·L^(-1),表明低碳源投加能够有效地避免有机物二次污染。A combined heterotrophic and sulfur-autotrophic bioreactor was established to treat nitrate and perchlorate in water. The dosage of organic carbon source for heterotrophic was insufficient. Sulfur-autotrophic process was combined with heterotrophic process to avoid secondary pollution of organic matter and diminish excessive sulfate generation by Sulfur-autotrophic reaction. The effects of hydraulic retention time(HRT) and carbon source dosage on the treatment efficiency of perchlorate were investigated. The results shows that when the inffluent mass concentrations of nitrate and perchlorate were(20.21±0.23) mg·L^(-1) and(20.12±0.12) mg·L^(-1),nitrate(> 96.2%) and perchlorate(> 96.9%) can be efficiently removed when HRT was ranged from 4 h to 2 h,1 h and 0.5 h. Under the combined heterotrophic and sulfur-autotrophic condition, the effluent mass concentrations of sulfate were(273±10) mg·L^(-1) and(129±3) mg·L^(-1) for HRT 4 h and 0.5 h, respectively. Long HRT could lead to the occurrence of sulfur disproportionation reaction and the increase of the sulfate concentrations in effluent. When HRT was 0.5 h, the sulfate mass concentrations in effluent for combined trophic process decreased by 63 mg·L^(-1) when compared with sulfur-autotrophic process, indicates that the combined process could effectively reduce the generation of sulfate. The NPOC(nonpurgeable organic carbon)of the reactor effluent was less than 2.68 mg·L^(-1), indicating that the addition of low carbon sources could effectively avoid secondary pollution of organic matter.

关 键 词：硝酸盐 高氯酸盐 异养 硫自养 硫歧化 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]