不同作物秸秆腐解对连作辣椒生长及根际环境的影响  

Effect of Decomposition of Different Crop Straws on Growth and Rhizosphere Environment of Continuous Cropping Pepper

作　　者：高晶霞[1] 高昱 牛勇琴 吴雪梅 谢华[1] GAO Jingxia;GAO Yu;NIU Yongqin;WU Xuemei;XIE Hua(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Vegetable Industry Development Service Center of Pengyang County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Pengyang Ningxia 756500,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,银川750002 [2]宁夏彭阳县蔬菜产业发展服务中心,宁夏彭阳756500

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2021年第8期1220-1226,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-23-G24);宁夏设施蔬菜高质量发展科技支撑关键技术研发项目(NGSB-2021-8-05)。

摘　　要：为探究植物秸秆完全腐解对种植作物连作及土壤的影响作用,以辣椒为研究对象,通过试验研究及数据分析,重点研究玉米秸秆、万寿菊秸秆以及芹菜秸秆腐解对辣椒生长及土壤的影响。结果显示:①秸秆腐解提高辣椒的株高、茎粗,与对照组相比,玉米、万寿菊及芹菜作物秸秆腐物较辣椒株高和茎粗分别提升5%、2.9%、3.3%以及8.7%、7.6%、7.7%,达到显著水平;②相比对照组,玉米、万寿菊及芹菜作物的秸秆腐物均能显著促进辣椒根系的生长发育,其中万寿菊秸秆腐物对根系的改善作用最为明显,辣椒植株的根系长度、根系表面积、根系体积以及根尖数相比对照组均增加24.49%、46.62%、76.92%和31.63%;③玉米、万寿菊及芹菜作物秸秆腐物对辣椒植株叶片叶绿素含量及光合作用均有一定程度的提高,相比对照组,增加29.19%、56.07%和30.16%,差异显著;④作物的秸秆均能改善土壤的pH、电导率以及土壤的微生物结构,增强土壤的酶活性,不同作物的改善程度有所不同。研究结果对改善辣椒等经济作物连作的土壤活性及生产能力有重要的参考价值,可在农业生产中推广应用。Straw decomposing can change the microbial composition of the soil,there by it will affect the production status of crops.In order to explore the specific effects of complete decomposing of plant straws on continuous cropping and soil,we took pepper as the research object,the experiment and data analysis were conducted for studying the effects of maize stalk,marigold stalk and celery stalk decomposing on pepper growth and soil.The results showed that:①Decomposition of straw increased the plant height and stem thickness of pepper.Compared with the control group,the straw rot of maize,marigold and celery crops increased the plant height of pepper by 5%,2.9%,3.3%,respectively,increased the stem of pepper by 8.7%,7.6%,and 7.7%,respectively,which reached significant levels;②Compared with the CK,the straw rot of maize,marigold and celery crops significantly promoted the growth of pepper roots.In the developmental state,the marigold stalk rot had the most obvious effect on improvement of the root system.The root length,root surface area,root volume and root tip number of pepper plants increased respectively by 24.49%,46.62%,76.92%and 31.63%,compared with the control group;③The straw rot of maize,marigold and celery crops increased the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis of pepper plant leaves to a certain degree.Compared with the control group,CK increased by 29.19%,56.07%and 30.16%,respectively,and the difference was significant;④The stalks of crops could improve the pH value,electrical conductivity of the soil and the microbial structure of the soil,and could alsoenhance the enzyme activity of the soil.The results are important references for improving the soil activity and productivity of continuous cropping of peppers and other cash crops,and can also be popularized and applied in agricultural production.

关 键 词：秸秆腐解 连作辣椒 土壤微生物 叶绿素 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]