安康魔芋软腐病防治技术初步研究  

Preliminary Study on Soft Rot Control Technology of Konjac in Ankang

作　　者：赵小明[1] 李增义 崔鸣 陈道明 赵春明 王鹏 夏曾润 李建国 尹恒[1] ZHAO Xiaoming;LI Zengyi;CUI Ming;CHEN Daoming;ZHAO Chunming;WANG Peng;XIA Zengrun;LI Jianguo;YIN Heng(Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian Liaoning 116023,China;Ankang AgriculturalTechnology Extension Center,Ankang Shaanxi 725000,China;Zhenping County Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Zhenping Shaanxi 725600,China;Baihe County Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Baihe Shaanxi 725800,China;Shaanxi Xidahuate Technology Industrial Co., Ltd.,Xi’an 710075,China;Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankang Shaanxi 725000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁大连116023 [2]陕西省安康市农业技术推广中心,陕西安康725000 [3]陕西省镇坪县农业技术推广站,陕西镇坪725600 [4]陕西省白河县农业技术推广站,陕西白河725800 [5]陕西西大华特科技实业有限公司,西安710075 [6]农业农村部富硒产品开发与质量控制重点实验室,陕西安康725000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2021年第8期1263-1270,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：中国富硒产业研究院富硒专项研发计划(2019QCY-2.2);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201302);大连化物所科研创新基金(DICP SZ201502)。

摘　　要：魔芋产业发展迅速,已成为中国西部经济发展中最具成长潜力与竞争优势的地方特色资源产业。在魔芋种植过程中,软腐病发生严重,已成为限制魔芋产业发展的主要因素。传统的化学农药防治效果不理想,急需寻找新的防治途径。为研究出有效的防治魔芋软腐病新技术,应用壳寡糖、海藻酸寡糖植物免疫诱导剂,结合使用噻霉酮制剂,在陕西安康针对魔芋软腐病防治技术进行初步研究。结果表明:药剂拌种处理效果好于浸种处理效果,浸种处理只有噻霉酮对魔芋软腐病有一定的防治效果,防效为51.17%。噻霉酮、壳寡糖及农用链霉素单一药剂对种芋拌种处理,对魔芋软腐病防效分别为68.92%、55.36%和56.49%,噻霉酮及壳寡糖拌种处理对出苗有明显的促进作用。拌种处理结合在成株期喷施壳寡糖、海藻酸寡糖和噻霉酮,对魔芋软腐病有较好的防治效果,防治效果50%~70%,延迟魔芋魔芋软腐病的爆发高峰期约一周,提高产量效果明显。用噻霉酮杀菌剂拌种处理种芋,在发病初期再用壳寡糖或海藻酸寡糖植物免疫诱导剂结合噻霉酮喷施植株,对魔芋软腐病有较好的防治效果。The konjac industry develops rapidly in China,and it has become one of the most potential and competitive industries with special local characteristics in the economic development of western China.However,konjac soft rot occurred seriously in the process of konjac cultivation,it has become a major factor to restrict the development of the konjac industry,and the control of traditional chemical pesticide has a limited effect on the disease.Therefore,finding a new way to control the disease is of great importance.In order to develop an effective new technology for the control of konjac soft rot,a preliminary study was conducted by combinedly using the chitosan oligosaccharide,alginate oligosaccharide with Benziothiazolinone to control konjac soft rot in Ankang of Shaanxi province.The results showed that the seed dressing treatment was more efficient than the seed-soaking treatment in disease prevention.In seed-soaking treatment,only the groups treated with Benziothiazolinone showed obvious disease prevention(51.17%).Whereas in seed dressing treatment,all the Benziothiazolinone,chitosan oligosaccharides,and agricultural streptomycin exhibited and prevented significantly konjac soft rot by 68.92%,55.36%,and 56.49%,respectively.Moreover,the seed dressing treatment with Benziothiazolinone and chitosan oligosaccharides showed remarkable promotion on konjac emergence.Furthermore,the seed dressing treatment combined with the spraying of chitosan oligosaccharide,alginate oligosaccharide and thiamethoxone at the growing stage had an excellent control effect(50%-70%)on the soft rot of konjac,and suppressed the outbreak of the disease by one week,it significantly increased the yield of konjac.The preliminary results showed that before sowing,and then spraying with benzothiazolinone and plant initiators such as chitosan-oligosaccharide and alginate oligosaccharides at the early stage of the disease,dressing konjac seeds under treatment of benzothiazolinone has better control effect on konjac soft rot.

关 键 词：魔芋软腐病 壳寡糖 海藻酸寡糖 噻霉酮 防治技术 

分 类 号：S436.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]