基于“四大家鱼”生境水力学指标的戴家洲河段航道工程生态效应模拟研究  

Simulation Study on the Ecological Effects of Daijiazhou Reach Channel Engineering Based on the Habitat Hydraulic Indexes of"Four Home Fishes"

作　　者：杨云平[1,2] 王建军 刘万利[1] 朱玉德[1] 方娟娟[2] Yang Yunping;Wang Jianjun;Liu Wanli;Zhu Yude;Fang Juanjuan(Key Laboratory of Engineering Sediment Transportation Industry,Tianjin Institute of Water Transport Engineering Science,Ministry of Transport,Tianjin 300456,China;Yangtze Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所工程泥沙交通运输行业重点实验室,天津300456 [2]长江水利委员会长江科学院,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《长江技术经济》2021年第4期57-66,共10页Technology and Economy of Changjiang

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51809131);长江航道局重点工程科研专项(编号:2017491211);中央级科研院所科研创新基金(编号:TKS20200404)。

摘　　要：长江中下游是“四大家鱼”(青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼)的主要产卵场和育幼场。近年来实施了大量的航道工程,虽产生了较好的生态效果,但仍不清楚航道工程与四大家鱼生境水力学指标的互馈关系。以长江中游戴家洲河段为对象,建立了“四大家鱼”产卵适宜性数学模型,模拟研究航道工程实施前后“四大家鱼”产卵生境水力学指标的变化。结果表明:戴家洲河段“四大家鱼”产卵的最佳流量区间为17500~22000m^(3)/s;戴家洲河段航道工程的实施,为“四大家鱼”栖息创造了更多的生境空间;枯水期出露的心滩(池湖港心滩),在枯水流量下HSI和WUA均减小,中枯水及以上流量HSI和WUA均增大;枯水期未出露的低滩(戴家洲洲头低滩),工程实施后HSI和WUA均增大,为“四大家鱼”产卵及栖息提供了更多的生境空间;低矮且存在窜沟的边滩(乐家湾边滩),护滩工程的实施限制了窜沟发育,工程实施后“四大家鱼”HSI、WUA均减小。The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the main spawning grounds and nursery grounds of the"four major home fish"(herring,grass carp,silver carp,and bighead carp).In recent years,a large number of waterway projects have been implemented,and although they have produced good ecological effects,the mutual feedback relationship between the waterway projects and the four major fish habitat hydraulic indicators is still unclear.Taking the Daijiazhou section of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the object,a mathematical model of the spawning suitability of the"four major home fishes"was established to simulate and study the changes in the hydrodynamic indicators of the spawning habitat of the"four major home fishes"before and after the implementation of the waterway project.The results show that the optimal flow rate for spawning of the"four major home fishes"in the Daijiazhou section is 17500-22000 m^(3)/s;the implementation of the Daijiazhou section channel project has created more habitat space for the"four major home fishes"to inhabit;For the central beach exposed in the dry season(Chihugang central beach),both HSI and WUA decrease under low water flow,and both HSI and WUA increase at medium low water and above;(Low beach),both HSI and WUA have increased after the implementation of the project,providing more habitat space for spawning and habitation of the“four major home fishes”;The implementation of the beach project restricted the development of channeling channels.After the implementation of the project,the HSI and WUA of the"four major home fish"were reduced.

关 键 词：生态水力学 适宜度模型 “四大家鱼” 航道整治工程 戴家洲河段 长江中游 

分 类 号：S956.3[农业科学—水产养殖]