棘皮动物性别决定与分化研究进展  

Research progress on sex determination and sexual differentiation in echinodermata:a review

作　　者：孙志惠 崔洲平 宋坚[1] 常亚青[1] SUN Zhihui;CUI Zhouping;SONG Jian;CHANG Yaqing(Key Laboratory of Mariculture&Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2021年第4期679-686,共8页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31802276)。

摘　　要：棘皮动物是重要的海洋渔业资源,中国现有棘皮动物500余种,其中海参和海胆均被誉为“海产八珍”,具有极高的经济价值。大多数棘皮动物不存在明显的雌雄二态性,但在性腺色泽、免疫力、激素水平等层面却展现了性别差异,因此,针对棘皮动物性别决定及分化机制展开研究、实现单性群体养殖具有重要的理论和经济意义。本文综述了棘皮动物,尤其是经济棘皮动物(海参、海胆)的生殖对策、性别决定和性别分化遗传基础,并就棘皮动物性染色体的确定、性别连锁分子标记的开发应用、基因编辑技术应用及性激素诱导单性养殖等方面提出未来重点研究建议,以期推动经济棘皮动物性别控制育种工作进程。There are more than 500 species of echinoderms as an important marine fishery stocks in China,especially sea cucumbers and sea urchins which are important aquaculture species known as the eight treasures of seafood.Most of echinoderms have no obvious sexual dimorphism in appearance.However,there are significant difference in gonadal color immunocompetence and sex hormone levels in female and male.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and economic significance to study the sex determination and sexual differentiation mechanism of echinoderms and realize unisexual breeding.In this article,reproduction strategies,and genetic basis of sex determination and sexual differentiation of economically important echinoderms(sea cucumbers,sea urchins)are summarized,and suggestions on the determination of sex chromosomes in echinoderms,development of sex-linked molecular markers,application of gene editing technology and sex hormone-induced unisexual culture are put forward to provide valuable references with promotion of the sex control breeding of economically important echinoderms.

关 键 词：性控育种 性别决定 棘皮动物 性染色体 海胆 

分 类 号：S947[农业科学—水产养殖]