水产动物致病酵母菌研究进展  

Research progress on pathogenic yeasts of animals in aquaculture:a review

作　　者：申洪彬 包杰[1] 姜宏波[1] SHEN Hongbin;BAO Jie;JIANG Hongbo(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学畜牧兽医学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2021年第4期687-693,共7页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科研项目(LSNQN202002);国家虾蟹产业技术体系项目(CARS-48);辽宁省重点研发指导计划项目(2019JH8/10200018)。

摘　　要：酵母菌是指以芽殖分裂或形成子囊孢子为主,细胞呈椭圆形的单细胞真核生物,广泛分布于自然界中,常被用于发酵行业。在水产养殖中常将有益酵母培养物作为饲料添加剂,而有些酵母菌为水产养殖动物致病性病原菌,严重威胁着水产养殖动物的产量和经济效益,如何防治致病性酵母菌已成为必须解决的关键问题。明确水产动物致病酵母菌的种类、宿主范围、传播途径及侵染机制,有助于更好地对其进行防治。本文对水产动物致病酵母菌的种类、危害、流行情况、传播途径、检测方法和防治技术等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并提出未来应在致病酵母菌的流行病学与分子流行病学调查、致病酵母菌病原的生活史与入侵机制及绿色生物渔药与免疫制剂的开发与应用等方面重点开展研究的建议,以期为水产动物致病酵母菌的防治和科学研究提供参考。Yeast,a kind of fungal organism mainly divided by budding,is widely distributed in nature and often used in fermentation industry.In aquaculture,beneficial yeast cultures are often used as feed additives,while harmful yeasts are pathogenic to animals in aquaculture,and seriously threaten the output and economic benefits of aquaculture.Therefore,prevention and control of the pathogenic yeasts has become a key problem in aquaculture.It is better to control the pathogenic yeasts in aquatic animals by defining the species,host,transmission route and infection mechanism.In this paper,the main hazards,epidemic situation,transmission routes,detection methods and control methods of pathogenic yeasts in aquatic animals were reviewed.Furthermore,the future research should focus on the epidemiological and molecular epidemiological investigation,the life history and invasion mechanism of pathogenic yeasts,and the development and application of green biological fishery drugs and immune agents were suggested,which provide reference with the prevention and control of pathogenic yeast in aquatic animals.

关 键 词：水产动物致病酵母菌 传播途径 侵染机制 检测方法 防治技术 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学]