四川盆地一次持续性雾霾天气演变特征及其成因  

Analysis of Cause and Evolution Characteristics of a ContinuousSevere Fog and Haze Episode in Sichuan Basin

作　　者：卿清涛[1,2] 刘佳 李小兰[1,2] 罗玉 郭海燕[1] 甘薇薇 孙彧 QING Qingtao;LIU Jia;LI Xiaolan;LUO Yu;GUO Haiyan;GAN Weiwei;SUN Yu(Sichuan Provincial Climate Centre,Chengdu 610072,China;Heavy Rain and Drought-Flood Disaster in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610072,China;Sichuan Meteorological Observation and Data Centre,Chengdu 610072,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省气候中心,四川成都610072 [2]高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点研究室,四川成都610072 [3]四川省气象探测数据中心,四川成都610072

出　　处：《干旱气象》2021年第4期610-619,共10页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2018JY0643);高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目(省重实验室2018-重点-05-12)共同资助。

摘　　要：根据单站雾霾日数和区域雾霾过程的确定方法,挑选2014年12月16日至2015年1月27日四川盆地典型雾霾过程,结合空气质量指数(AQI)、污染物质量浓度、气象要素特征和大气环流背景,研究此次持续雾霾天气的产生、演变及转化特征。结果表明:(1)此次雾霾过程表现出强度强、持续时间长、发生范围广的显著特点。(2)AQI和污染物质量浓度的变化与雾霾天气过程高度一致,本次雾霾过程的主要污染物为PM 2.5,其次是PM 10。(3)此次过程出现了不同强度的污染物积累、到达峰值及急速减弱阶段,雾霾天气过程的强弱与天气形势、边界层垂直结构密切相关,与历史同期相比,这次超长雾霾过程盆地平均气温偏高1.24℃,降水偏少34.77%,日照时数偏多10.33 h,相对湿度偏低2.67%,风速基本持平略偏大,稳定的大气环流形势为雾霾天气和严重污染提供了持续稳定的大气环境场;强逆温层结、边界层的下沉运动、地面弱风场中的辐合均使水汽和污染物存留在近地层不易向高空扩散,造成雾霾天气持续。The typical fog and haze episode in the Sichuan basin from December 16,2014 to January 27,2015 was selected according to the method of determination of fog and haze days at a single station and the regional fog and haze process.Based on air quality index(AQI),mass concentration of pollutant,meteorological element characteristics and atmospheric circulation,the characteristics and mechanism of the generation,evolution and transformation of this continuous fog and haze weather were studied.The results are as follows:(1)The fog and haze process was characterized by strong intensity,long duration and wide range.(2)Both mass concentration of pollutant and AQI were highly consistent with the fog and haze weather process,and the main pollutant in this fog and haze process was PM 2.5,followed by PM 10.(3)It can be seen from the process of formation,evolution and transition of a long-lasting severe fog and haze episode that there were stages of pollutant accumulation with different intensities,reaching the peak value and rapidly weakening.Therefore,the intensity of fog and haze weather process was closely related to weather situation and vertical structure of boundary layer.The average temperature was 1.24℃higher than the normal years,the rainfall was 34.77%lower than the same period,relative humidity was 2.67%lower than the same period,sunshine hours was 10.33 hours more than the same period,and wind speed was close to or slight higher than that of the normal years.The stable atmospheric circulation feature provided favorable environmental field for fog and hazy weather and heavy air pollution.Strong temperature inversion layer,sinking motion in the boundary layer and convergence in weak wind fields on the ground prevented water and pollutants from diffusing to the upper air.

关 键 词：AQI 雾霾日数 污染过程 气象条件 边界层高度 

分 类 号：S166[农业科学—农业气象学]