论公司国籍认定的外国控制标准--以《华盛顿公约》第25条(2)(b)为切入点  

On Foreign Control Criteria for Identification of Corporate Nationality--Starting from Art.25(2)(b)of ICSID Convention

作　　者：张柳璇 Zhang Liuxuan(Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu 215006)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《对外经贸》2021年第8期97-103,共7页FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS & TRADE

摘　　要：在以公司为申请人的国际投资争端中,ICSID仲裁庭首先要认定公司的国籍以确立其属人管辖权。除了传统的成立地标准和住所地标准外,《华盛顿公约》第25条(2)(b)后半部分还构造了公司虚拟国籍:如果具有东道国国籍的法人客观上受外国控制,且主观上争端双方同意为了公约之目的而将其视为另一缔约国国民,则东道国实体可以启动针对东道国的ICSID仲裁程序。然而,对于如何认定外国控制、外国控制者、同意形式和效力等关键问题,《公约》本身并未作出明确规定。在适用外国控制标准过程中,仲裁庭对上述问题也存在一定分歧。随着我国涉诉案件不断增加,明确《公约》文本含义,分析仲裁庭外国控制标准的适用路径,对我国应对投资仲裁中相关问题具有一定积极意义。In the international investment dispute which a corporate investor as the claimant,ICSID tribunal should first identify nationality of the corporate investor so as to establish its personal jurisdiction.In addition to the traditional place of corporation and Seat criteria,the second part of Art.25(2)(b)of ICSID Convention created the conception of corporate fictitious nationality:a local entity may initiate the arbitration procedure of ICSID,if it has been controlled objectively by a foreign controller,and the parties have agreed it should be treated as a national of another Contracting State for the purposes of this Convention.However,the Convention itself does not provide any guidance on how to identify foreign control and foreign controller,the form of consent and its effectiveness.In the application of foreign control criteria,the arbitral tribunal still adopt different approaches on the above-mentioned issues.With the increasing number of cases which China as the respondent,clarifying the meaning of relative Convention provisions and analyzing how tribunals apply the foreign control criteria has significant meanings for us to settle relative issues in the near future.

关 键 词：公司虚拟国籍 外国控制标准 仲裁庭管辖权 华盛顿公约 

分 类 号：DF90[政治法律—国际法学]