伊朗的阿富汗难民政策:动因、演变及影响因素  

Iran’s Policy on Afghan Refugees:Motivation,Evolution and Influencing Factors

作　　者：杨勇[1] 汪金国[2] Yong Yang;Jinguo Wang

机构地区：[1]云南大学政治学一级学科博士后科研流动站,昆明650091 [2]兰州大学政治与国际关系学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《世界民族》2021年第4期88-98,共11页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第61批面上资助项目(2017M613013);教育部人文社科青年基金项目“巴基斯坦与阿富汗关系对丝绸之路经济带建设影响及对策研究”(16YJCZH136)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：伊朗在考虑宗教、经济和地缘政治等因素的基础上,以伊朗国家利益为出发点调整对阿富汗难民的政策。本文把伊朗的阿富汗难民政策演变划分为四个阶段:第一阶段,苏联入侵阿富汗时期(1978—1991年),该阶段伊朗实施的是全面接收阿富汗难民政策。第二阶段,阿富汗内战及塔利班执政时期(1992—2001年),该阶段实施的是鼓励自愿遣返阿富汗难民的政策。第三阶段,美国在阿富汗进行反恐战争时期(2002—2011年),该阶段实施的是强制遣返阿富汗难民的政策。第四阶段,叙利亚危机爆发时期(2012至今),该阶段实施的是放缓强制遣返阿富汗难民的政策。阿富汗难民给伊朗带来了不小的社会负担,但在地缘政治层面又增添了伊朗与美国、阿富汗等国家博弈的筹码。Based on religious,economic and geopolitical considerations,Iran has adjusted its policy on Afghan refugees for the sake of its own national interest.This paper divides the evolution of Iran’s policy on Afghan refugees into the following four stages.The first stage was in the period of the Soviet’s invasion of Afghanistan(1978-1991),when Iran pursued a policy of full acceptance of Afghan refugees.The second stage was in the period of Afghanistan’s civil war and the Taliban regime(1992-2001),when Iran encouraged voluntary repatriation of Afghan refugees.The third stage was in the period of the US war on terror in Afghanistan(2002-2011),when Iran adopted a policy of compulsory repatriation of Afghan refugees.The fourth stage is in the period of the Syrian crisis(from 2012 till today),when Iran slackens its policy of compulsory repatriation of Afghan refugees.Although Afghan refugees have brought an enormous social burden on Iran,they,at the geopolitical level,have increased Iran’s leverage in its game with the United States,Afghanistan and other countries.

关 键 词：伊朗 阿富汗难民 难民政策 

分 类 号：D737.3[政治法律—政治学] D815.6[政治法律—中外政治制度]