从出土材料论《周易》卦爻画的性质和来源  

The Nature and Origin of the Gua and Yao's Drawing of Zhouyi in the View of Unearthed Material

作　　者：丁四新[1] Ding Sixin

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院、国学院

出　　处：《哲学门》2015年第1期1-25,共25页Beida Journal of Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“出土简帛文献与古代中国哲学新发现综合研究”(11&zd086)阶段性成果;教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目基金的资助(12JJD750003)。

摘　　要：本文以楚简《筮法》卦例之“一”表示数字“七”等为基础,深入探讨了《周易》卦爻画的构成及其来源问题。易卦可分为本卦和用卦两类,从用卦来看,“数字卦”的概念是完全可以成立的;不过在经文中,易卦是以本卦的形态书写出来的。本卦及数字卦(用卦)都源自揲蓍法,五十五数揲蓍法决定了易卦爻画以六、一(七)为本体,商周易卦、楚简《别卦》和秦简《归藏》即是;五十数揲蓍法决定了易卦爻画以一(七)、八为本体,这见于楚简本、帛书本和汉简本《周易》。单就《周易》来说,其卦爻画也经历了一次重大变革,爻体从六、一(七)转变为一(七)、八;而出土及今本《周易》的阴阳爻画即由此一(七)、八抽象化和观念化而来。楚简《别卦》、秦简《归藏》和出土、今本《周易》的卦爻画均为阴阳性质;而在此之前,卦爻画置身于天地意识中,经爻一(七)、六可称为天爻和地爻。Basing on it that“ONE”,the Gua-case of Chu-bamhoo,represents the number“SEVEN”,this article deeply investigates the formation and origin of the Gua and Yao's drawing in Zhouyi.The Gua of Zhouyi consists of Body-Gua and Function-Gua.In the view of Function-Gua,the con-cept“Number-Gua”is completely reliable.But in the classic,the Gua of Zhouyi is written in the form of Body-Oua.Body-Gua and Number-Gua(Function-Gua)both result from Achillea method.The fifty-five-Achillea method decides that the original form of Gua and Yao's drawing is“SIX”and“ONE”(SEVEN),whose category includes Gua during Shang and Zhou Dynasties,Chu-hamhoo Biegua and Qin-bamhoo Guicang.Similarly,the fifty-Achillea method decides that the original form of Gua and Yao's drawing is 4iONEM(SEVEN)and“EIGHT”,which shows in Zhouyi of Chu-hamboo、silk-book and Han-hamboo.Just in Zhouyi,its Gua and Yao,drawing went through a major change:the original form transformed from“SIX”and“ONE”(SEVEN)to“ONE”(SEVEN)and EIGHT.The Yao's drawing of unearthed and current Zhouyi can be seen as the abstraction and conceptualization of“ONE”(SEVEN)and“EIGHT”.The Gua and Yao's drawing of Chu-hamhoo Biegua、Qin-bamhoo Guicang and the unearthed and current Zhouyi possesses the nature of Yin and Yang.And before that,the Gua and Yao's drawing placed itself in the conception of Heaven and Earth,so that the Yao“ONE”(SEVEN)and“SIX”can be called as Heaven-Yao and Earth-Yao.

关 键 词：清华简 《周易》 《归藏》 数字卦 卦爻画 阴阳 揲蓍法 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]