可重复使用新型着陆缓冲装置设计  

Research on New Reusable Landing Buffer

作　　者：王永滨[1,2,3] 武士轻 牟金岗[1,2] 龙龙 蒋万松 雷江利 王立武[1,2,4] WANG Yongbin;WU Shiqing;MU Jingang;LONG Long;JIANG Wansong;LEI Jiangli;WANG Liwu(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;Laboratory of Aerospace Entry,Descent and Landing Technology,CASC,Beijing 100094,China;College of Astronautics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Southeast University,School of Civil Engineering,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [2]中国航天科技集团有限公司航天进入、减速与着陆技术实验室,北京100094 [3]南京航空航天大学航天学院,南京210016 [4]东南大学土木工程学院,南京211189

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2021年第4期1-9,共9页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

基　　金：国家重大科技专项;国家自然科学基金(51505028)。

摘　　要：着陆缓冲技术应用于各类飞行器着陆时吸收机械能,降低着陆冲击过载,最终使飞行器以一定的着陆姿态安全地着陆在星表。随着载人深空探测任务的深入,引发了一次任务多次着陆的需求,进而对着陆缓冲提出了的可重复使用的新要求。由此开展了一种新型油气式的可重复使用着陆缓冲装置研究,该装置可以兼顾地外天体着陆和地球返回着陆需求。文章首先详细介绍了该设计的组成及工作原理;随后分析了缓冲机理,对缓冲力的组成及计算表达进行了详细说明;基于多体动力学软件建立了多刚体系统动力学模型,在此基础上开展了5种典型工况的仿真分析和计算。经过计算,最大缓冲行程不大于0.3m,最大加速度过载不大于8gn,能够承受1m/s的水平速度。综上,该载人飞船着陆缓冲装置能够满足多次着陆缓冲及过载等要求,相关设计可以作为新一代载人飞船着陆缓冲设计的参考。Landing impact attenuation technology is applied to various types of spacecraft to absorb mechanical energy when landing,to reduce landing impact overload,and finally help the spacecraft land safely on the planets’surface with a certain landing attitude.With the deepening of manned deep space exploration missions,the need for multiple landings in one mission is becoming more and more urgent and bring forward new requirements for the reusability of landing impact attenuation.A reusable new oleo-pneumatic landing impact attenuation technology is designed,and this device can take into account the needs of extraterrestrial celestial landing and earth recovery landing.In the paper,the composition and working principle of the device are introduced in detail.Subsequently,the buffer mechanism is analyzed,and the composition and calculation of the buffer force were explained in detail.Based on the multi-body dynamics software,a multi-rigid-body system dynamic model is established.On this basis,simulation analysis and calculations of 5 typical working conditions is carried out.According to the numerical calculation,the maximum buffer stroke is less than 0.3m,the maximum acceleration overload is not more than 8gn,and it can withstand a horizontal speed of 1ms.In summary,the manned spacecraft landing impact attenuation device can meet the requirements of multiple landing and overloads,which can be used as a design reference for the new generation of manned spacecraft landing impact attenuation device.

关 键 词：着陆器 缓冲 冲击 可重复使用 油气介质 多刚体 载人飞船 

分 类 号：V525[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]