低温去污剂对模拟U(Ⅵ)污染的去污特性研究  

Decontamination characteristics of the low temperature detergent for simulated U(Ⅵ) pollution

作　　者：谢宇 林晓艳[2,3] 潘训海 徐辛睿 习海玲 XIE Yu;LIN Xiaoyan;PAN Xunhai;XU Xinrui;XI Hailing(School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;Engineering Research Center of Biomass Materials,Ministry of Education,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian,Beijing 102205,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,绵阳621010 [2]西南科技大学生物质材料教育部工程研究中心,绵阳621010 [3]西南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,绵阳621010 [4]国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室,北京102205

出　　处：《核技术》2021年第9期68-75,共8页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：核能开发专项(No.12zg610202);国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室基金项目(No.JK20182A060324)资助。

摘　　要：低温去污剂的研究对低温下核设施运行及退役具有重要意义。本研究以聚乙烯醇缩丁醛为基体材料,乙醇和乙酸乙酯为溶剂,辅以柠檬酸为去污助剂,制备出低温去污剂。实验测定了低温下去污剂的粘度、流动性、可喷施性及其在不同材料表面的浸润性。用硝酸铀酰溶液均匀布染玻璃、不锈钢、瓷砖和醇酸漆等板材,制备出四种不同材质的模拟U(Ⅵ)污染板样。研究低温环境下去污剂在这四种材质表面对模拟U(Ⅵ)污染的去污特性,以及温度、去污剂用量、材料表面的粗糙度等因素对去污率的影响;应用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线荧光光谱等技术对去污膜进行表征,分析低温下去污剂的去污机理。结果表明:在−15~10℃温度范围内,去污剂在玻璃、不锈钢、瓷砖和醇酸漆等表面对模拟U(Ⅵ)污染的去污率分别达到97.3%、93.6%、95.5%和88.9%以上;温度和去污剂用量对去污率几乎没有影响;同时去污膜也具有良好的可剥离性。该去污剂在低温环境下放射性污染去污方面具有很好的应用潜力。[Background]The research of low temperature detergent is of great significance for the operating and decommissioning of nuclear facilities at low temperature environment. [Purpose]This study aims to explore the fluid characteristics and decontamination characteristics of polyvinyl butyral detergent at low temperature. [Methods]The low temperature detergent was prepared by using polyvinyl butyral as solute, ethanol and ethyl acetate as solvent and citric acid as decontamination additives. The viscosity, fluidity, sprayability and wettability of the detergent on the surface of different materials were measured in experiment. Four simulated U(Ⅵ) contaminated plate samples were prepared by the dyeing of the uranyl nitrate solution on the base of glass, stainless steel, ceramic tile and alkyd paint,respectively. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) were used to characterize the decontamination films on the surface of these four samples, and study the decontamination mechanism. Finally, the decontamination characteristics of the detergent for the simulated U(Ⅵ) pollution on surface of different materials were studied at low temperature, and the effects of temperature, detergent dosage and surface roughness on decontamination rate were discussed. [Results]Experimental results show that the decontamination rates of the detergent for the simulated U(Ⅵ) pollution on the surface of glass, stainless steel, ceramic tile and alkyd paint board are above 97.3%, 93.6%, 95.5% and 88.9%, respectively, in the temperature range of -15~10 ℃, that the temperature and the detergent dosage have little effect on the decontamination rate and that the decontamination film formed by the detergent have good strippability. [Conclusions]The detergent has a good application potential at the decontamination of radioactive pollution in low temperature environment.

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛 低温 去污 可剥离膜 

分 类 号：TL7[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]