冻原高山草地牧户家畜养殖规模影响因素分析——以青海省为例  

Factors influencing the scale of herdsmen’s livestock farming in tundra alpine grassland-A case study from Qinghai Province

作　　者：吴廷美 林慧龙[1] 范迪 籍常婷 赵玉婷[1] 魏靖琼 WU Ting-mei;LIN Hui-long;FAN Di;JI Chang-ting;ZHAO Yu-ting;WEI Jing-qiong(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第9期117-126,共10页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31772666);国家林业和草原局软科学项目(201913021);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2021-kb13);甘肃省林业和草原局年度省级人才发展专项(lzujbky-2021-kb13)资助。

摘　　要：家畜养殖规模是草地载畜的重要组成部分,对其影响因素进行深度剖析,对于引导牧户合理放牧,遏制草地退化,确保我国生态安全意义重大。根据在青海省调查获取的牧户数据,本研究运用主成分分析法识别了冻原高山草地上相关因素对牧户家畜养殖量的贡献率,进一步采用分位数回归深入剖析了不同规模牧户家畜养殖量的影响因素及其影响规律,探索家畜养殖影响因素在牧户规模层面的异质性。结果表明:冻原高山草地牧户家畜养殖量的主导现实因素为自然因子,其余影响因素依次是政策因子、教育因子和非牧因子;中等以下规模牧户家畜养殖量受家庭劳动力和非牧就业收入占比的显著影响;中等及以上规模牧户家畜养殖量受人均经营草地面积和草原补奖政策的显著影响,补奖政策中禁牧比草畜平衡更能达到保护草地生态的目标。建议增加牧区非牧就业机会,积极引导中等以下规模牧户参与非牧就业,同时加大冻原高山草地禁牧范围,并在补偿标准上对中等及以上规模牧户适当倾斜。本研究发现了冻原高山草地上家畜养殖影响因素在牧户规模上的异质性,为政府针对不同规模牧户区分管理提供了一定的科学依据。The scale of herdsmen’s livestock farming activities plays a crucial role in determining equilibria in grassland ecosystems.It is therefore important to analyze the factors affecting the scale of livestock production activities,and thus guide pastoralists to adopt rational grazing practices,restore degraded grassland,and ensure the ecological safety of rangeland in China.Using data from a pastoral households survey in Qinghai Province,this study employs principal component analysis to identify the contributions of various factors to livestock production decisions.In addition,quantile regression was used to analyze the factors of influence and the characteristics of livestock production of different scales,exploring the different factors affecting livestock breeding practices of individual of herdsmen.The results indicated that:natural factors are the most dominant factors influencing livestock production,followed by policy factors,education factors,and non-grazing factors in that order;livestock production practice at medium and lower scale is significantly affected by the proportion of family labor and non-pastoral employment income;livestock production practice at medium and higher scale is affected by the per capita available grassland area and the grassland compensation policy significantly and a grazing ban policy can achieve the goal of protecting grassland ecology better than the forage-livestock balance policies.We make the following suggestions for improvement of grassland status:increasing non-pastoral employment opportunities in pastoral areas,actively guiding herdsmen with smaller operations to participate in non-pastoral employment;increasing the range of forage-livestock balance zones in tundra alpine grassland,and an appropriate raise in the compensation standard for medium and larger-scale herders.This study found that the factors influencing livestock production practices in tundra alpine grasslands differ depending on the scale of operations of herdsmen.This insight provides a scientific basis

关 键 词：冻原高山草地 养殖因素 主成分分析 青海 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]