影响地铁应急疏散行为的乘客空间认知分析  

Analysis of passengers’spatial cognition on emergency evacuation behavior in subway

作　　者：刘晨[1] 王立晓[1] 孙小慧[1] LIU Chen;WANG Lixiao;SUN Xiaohui(College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830047,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学建筑工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830047

出　　处：《交通科技与经济》2021年第5期7-13,共7页Technology & Economy in Areas of Communications

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71861032);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2018D01C071)。

摘　　要：在地铁应急疏散过程中,乘客的空间认知对其行为决策具有重要影响,但目前针对地铁站空间认知的量化研究较少。以上海世纪大道地铁站的认知地图调查数据为依据,运用描述性统计和标准差椭圆法进行要素认知频次和扭曲分析,通过分析乘客对各要素的认知频次差异、认知位置离散程度及认知位置分布方向,量化乘客对地铁站的空间认知情况。研究结果表明:对于乘车必须经过的出入口、闸机,乘客的认知频次较高且认知位置离散程度较低;对于乘车非必须经过的洗手间,乘客的认知频次较低且认知位置离散程度较高;相较于其他扶楼梯,乘客对邻近闸机扶楼梯的认知频次更高、且认知位置离散程度更低;乘客对要素的认知位置分布方向与其空间定位基准线的走向基本一致。研究不仅可为地铁站内的布局设计提出建议,同时,可为地铁应急疏散行为决策研究提供新视角。Passengers’behavioral decisions are affected by their spatial cognition on the emergency evacuation in subways,but there are few quantitative studies on spatial cognition of subway stations currently.This paper analyzes the cognitive frequency and cognitive distortion of passengers on the elements in this subway station by using the descriptive statistics and standard deviation ellipse method,based on the cognitive map survey data of Century Avenue Subway Station in Shanghai.Passengers’spatial cognition of subway stations is quantified by analyzing the difference of cognitive frequency,the dispersion degree of cognitive position and the distribution direction of cognitive position for each element.The result shows that:the cognitive frequency is higher and the dispersion degree of cognitive position is lower for the entrances and exits and turnstiles which must be passed through by passengers;the cognitive frequency is lower and the dispersion degree of cognitive position is higher for the washrooms which are not necessary to pass through;the cognition frequency is higher and the dispersion degree of cognitive position is lower for the stairs which are adjacent to turnstiles than others;the distribution direction of cognitive position of elements is basically consistent with the direction of the spatial positioning reference line.This research can provide suggestions not only for the layout design of subway stations,but a new perspective for the decision-making study of emergency evacuation behavior in subway.

关 键 词：地铁站 应急疏散 空间认知 认知地图 标准差椭圆法 量化分析 

分 类 号：U291[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]