优秀橄榄球运动员侧切跑的下肢肌电特征  

Lower Limbs EMG Characteristics of Side-Cut Runing for Elite Rugby Players

作　　者：鲁智勇[1] 普江艳 解强[1] 李伟[1] 刘卉[2] 李国平[1] LU Zhiyong;PU Jiangyan;XIE Qiang;LIWei;LIU Hui;LI Guoping(National Institute of Sports Medicine,Beijing 100061,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京100061 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2021年第8期22-28,共7页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：国家体育总局重点课题(2014A004)。

摘　　要：目的:分析男、女橄榄球运动员侧切跑中的下肢肌电特征,探究运动员前交叉韧带(anterior cruciateligament,ACL)损伤的发生机制,以及评估ACL损伤风险的肌电指标。方法:国家队男、女橄榄球运动员,其中优秀女运动员14人和优秀男运动员12人,采集其侧切跑的运动学数据。结果:1)侧切跑支撑阶段,女橄榄球运动员下肢主要肌肉贡献率大小排序为:股四头肌内侧头、外侧腘绳肌、腓肠肌内侧头、内侧腘绳肌、股四头肌外侧头、股直肌、腓肠肌外侧头;男橄榄球运动员肌肉贡献率大小排序依次为:外侧腘绳肌、股四头肌内侧头、腓肠肌内侧头、内侧腘绳肌、股四头肌外侧头、股直肌、腓肠肌外侧头;其中股四头肌内侧头肌肉贡献率男、女运动员存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。2)女橄榄球运动员的股直肌(P<0.01)、股四头肌内侧头、腓肠肌内外侧头(P<0.05)肌电活动高于男橄榄球运动员。3)侧切跑动作状态下,各块肌肉的肌电变化状态,男、女橄榄球运动员总体趋势保持一致。股直肌、腓肠肌内侧头、外侧腘绳肌的肌电活动程度不高,股四头肌内侧头、内侧腘绳肌、股四头肌外侧头、腓肠肌外侧头的肌电活动程度较高。4)男橄榄球运动员的腘绳肌/股四头肌、腓肠肌外侧头/外侧腘绳肌共同收缩性能高于女橄榄球运动员(P<0.05)。结论:1)橄榄球运动员下肢肌电特点存在显著的性别特征。2)橄榄球运动员的腓肠肌内外头、腘绳肌、股直肌的激活规律,对于损伤预防具有重要的临床意义。3)腓肠肌外侧头/外侧腘绳肌、腘绳肌/股四头肌共同收缩指数、肌电的贡献率可作为评估运动员ACL损伤风险的指标。4)女橄榄球运动员膝关节ACL损伤风险高于男橄榄球运动员。Objective: The purpose of the study is to identify the EMG characteristics of the lower limbs of male and female rugby players during side-cut running, explore the mechanism of ACL injury in rugby players and the EMG indicators for assessing the risk of ACL injury. Methods: Rugby players of Chinese national team were selected as research objects, including 14 elite female players(EF) and 12 elite male players(EM). Kinematic data of the side-cut running was collected. Results: 1) During the support stage of side-cut running, the order of the main muscle contribution rate of female players was VM, LH, MG, LM, VL, RF, LG;and that of male players was LH, VM, Mg, LM, VL, RF, LG. The muscle contribution rate of VM was significantly different between male and female players(P<0.05). 2) The EMG activity of female players in RF(P<0.01), VM, LG and MG(P<0.05) were higher than that of male players. 3)During the side-cut running, the changes of EMG of each muscle were consistent with the general trend of male and female rugby players. The EMG activity of RF, MG and LH was lower.VM, LM, VL and LG had higher EMG activity. 4) The CI index of LG/LH and H/Q of the EM group was higher than that of EF group(P<0.05). Conclusions: 1) The EMG characteristics of lower limb for the rugby players have significant gender difference. 2) The activation rules of LG,LH and RF of rugby players have important clinical indication for ACL injury prevention.3) The CI index of LG/LH and H/Q, and the contribution rate of EMG can be used to evaluate the risk of ACL injury. 4) ACL injury risk of female rugby players is higher than that of male rugby players.

关 键 词：橄榄球运动员 ACL损伤 肌电 

分 类 号：G804.23[文化科学—运动人体科学]