7000m海拔时不同缺氧时间对大鼠血液学及组织形态学的影响  

Effects of different hypoxia time on hematology and histomorphology of rats at 7000 m altitude

作　　者：高小敏 胡彬 吴晓军[1] 姜一 孔秀梅 刘杜霞 赵勤[1] GAO Xiao-min;HU Bin;WU Xiao-jun;JIANG Yi;KONG Xiu-mei;LIU Du-xia;ZHAO Qin(Tibetan Medicine Screening Laboratory,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang 712082,China;Department of Emergency,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330027,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学藏药筛选实验室,陕西咸阳712082 [2]南昌大学第二附属医院急诊科,江西南昌330027

出　　处：《海南医学院学报》2021年第17期1285-1290,共6页Journal of Hainan Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81660722);西藏自治区自然科学基金项目(2015ZR-13-16);陕西省中医药管理局科研课题(2019-ZZ-JC046);西藏民族大学重点项目(13myZP07)。

摘　　要：目的:模拟7000 m海拔环境观察不同缺氧时间对大鼠血液学及组织形态学的影响,为建立急性低压缺氧模型提供依据。方法:将40只SD大鼠随机分为5组:缺氧0、6、12、24、36 h组。随后,利用低压氧舱装置模拟7000 m高原低压缺氧环境,检测不同缺氧时间下大鼠的血液学指标及血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)生化指标,以及心、肺、脑组织H&E染色的形态学变化。结果:与缺氧0 h组相比,急性低压缺氧6 h组的红细胞(RBC)数量降低,但随着低压缺氧时间的延长,各组RBC均升高,在缺氧24 h组最高(P<0.05)。急性低压缺氧6 h组的白细胞(WBC)、淋巴细胞(Lymp)、中性粒细胞(Gran)、血红蛋白(HGB)、红细胞容积(HCT)、血小板计数(RCT)计数均降低,随着低压缺氧时间延长上述指标的计数均增加。与缺氧0 h组相比,不同缺氧时间组的血清SOD活力均降低,在缺氧24 h组和36 h组降低明显。MDA的含量呈现波动性变化,在缺氧12 h达到高峰(P<0.05)。LDH活力呈波动性变化,缺氧至12 h时LDH活力达到高峰,之后逐渐下降,在缺氧36 h时接近正常。心脏、肺脏、脑组织的H&E染色显示,随着缺氧时间的延长各脏器损害程度不断加重。肺脏出现间质性肺炎或血管周围炎,可见血管周围水肿和肺间质增宽。心脏组织可见明显的心肌细胞变性坏死,局部心肌间质和瓣膜纤维溶解、坏死;心肌间隙可见大量炎细胞浸润。脑组织CA2、CA3、DG区神经元细胞变性,细胞体积缩小,嗜碱性增强,神经细胞呈三角形;细胞固缩,嗜碱性增强,少量可见横轴结构。结论:急性低压缺氧6 h内可引起RBC、WBC、RCT、HGB浓度均降低,之后随着缺氧时间延长各指标的计数均增加。血清生化各时间段SOD活力均降低,MDA的含量和LDH的活力呈波浪式变化,可引起心脏、肺脏、脑组织病理性损伤,并随着时间延长而加重。Objective:To observe the effects of different hypoxia time on hematology and histomorphology of rats by simulating the environment of 7000 m altitude,and to provide the basis for the establishment of acute hypoxia model.Methods:A total of 40 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,i.e.0 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,and 36 h hypoxia groups.The hypoxia environment at 7000 m was simulated by low-pressure oxygen chamber.The serum biochemical indexes SOD,MDA,LDH and the morphological changes of H&E staining in heart,lung and brain tissues of rats were detected under different hypoxia time.Results:Compared to the 0 h hypoxia group,the number of RBC in the 6 h acute hypoxia group decreased.With the prolongation of hypoxia time,RBC in all groups increased and the highest number of RBC was found in the 24 h hypoxia group(P<0.05).The WBC,Lymp,Gran,HGB,HCT,and RCT counts decreased in the 6 h acute hypoxia group,and the above indexes increased with the prolongation of hypoxia time.Compared to the 0 h hypoxia group,serum SOD activity decreased at different hypoxia time,and MDA content in the 24 h and 36 h hypoxia groups showed a fluctuating change and reached a peak at 12 h after hypoxia(P<0.05).The activity of LDH fluctuated and reached the peak at 12 h after hypoxia,and then gradually decreased.H&E staining of the brain tissue of the heart and lung,which was close to normal after hypoxia for 36 h,showed that with the prolongation of the hypoxia time,the damage degree of each organ increased continuously.Interstitial pneumonia or perivasculitis occurred in the lung,and perivascular edema and pulmonary interstitial widening were observed.Cardiac tissue showed obvious degeneration and necrosis of cardiomyocytes,lysis and necrosis of local myocardial interstitium and valve fibers.A large number of inflammatory cells could be seen infiltrating into the brain tissue in the CA2,CA3,and DG regions.The neuron cells were denatuated,the cell volume was reduced,basophilic was enhanced,and the nerve cells were triangular.The cells were pyknotic

关 键 词：低压缺氧 血常规 超氧歧化酶 丙二醛 乳酸脱氢酶 

分 类 号：R339.54[医药卫生—人体生理学]