大数据时代数据犯罪认定的方法转向与价值回归  

Change in Methods for Identifying Data Crime and Return of Values in the Big-Data Era

作　　者：赵春玉[1] ZHAO Chunyu

机构地区：[1]云南大学法学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《思想战线》2021年第5期140-149,共10页Thinking

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“网络恐怖主义犯罪与中国体系化的法律应对研究”阶段性成果(18BFX092)。

摘　　要：大数据时代数据犯罪的认定,虽然需要融入技术的方法以增强刑法教义学的自主性和应变性,但其仍是关涉具体个体切身利益的小数据问题。以数据为中心的数据主义将中立的数据本身平移为数据犯罪的法益,不仅抽空了法益的本体论和目的论价值,而且以相关关系取代因果关系,导致数据犯罪的认定走向极端的预防性扩张。因而,数据犯罪的认定仍需向以人为中心的现代刑事法治回归,以数据本身所征表的数据信息为中心来建构法益,确保其与具体数据犯罪的法益发生直接关联;以针对数据所实施的行为具有创设侵害法益风险(不法)的功能且现实化为不法结果为前提,限定数据犯罪因果关系的范围。藉此明确刑法问题与技术问题的界限,将小数据保护与大数据流动置于同等重要的地位。Although the identification of data crime in the era of big data needs to be integrated with technical methods to enhance the autonomy and adaptability of criminal law dogma,it is still a small data issue related to the vital interests of specific individuals.The data-centered data doctrine translates the neutral data itself into the legal interest of data crime,which not only empties the ontological and teleological value of legal interest,but also replaces causality with correlation,leading to the extreme preventive expansion of the identification of data crime.Therefore,the identification of data crimes still needs to return to the modern criminal rule of law centered on human,and construct the legal interest centered on the data information collected by the data itself to ensure that it is directly related to the legal interest of specific data crime.Based on the premise that the behavior carried out against the data has the function of creating the risk of infringement of legal interest and turns into the illegal result,the scope of causality of data crime is limited.In this way,the boundary between criminal law issues and technical issues can be clarified,and the protection of small data and the flow of big data can be placed in an equally important position.

关 键 词：大数据 小数据 数据本身 数据信息 因果关系 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]