钾肥品种及配施比例对滇重楼根际土壤微环境及根茎生长调节的影响  

Effects of potassium fertilizer varieties and combined applica tion on rhizosphere soil microenvironment and rhizomes growth regulation in Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis(Franch.)

作　　者：魏祖晨 赵顺鑫 黎海灵 赵晶晶 郭冬琴 周浓 WEI Zu-chen;ZHAO Shun-xin;LI Hai-ling;ZHAO Jing-jing;GUO Dong-qin;ZHOU Nong(College of Food and Biological Engineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University/Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area’s Medicinal Herbs,Chongqing 404120,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡学院生物与食品工程学院/三峡库区道地药材绿色种植与深加工重庆市工程实验室,重庆404120

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2021年第6期1568-1575,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2018jcyjAX0267);重庆市教育委员会“成渝地区双城经济圈建设”科技创新项目(KJCX2020046)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究氯化钾和硫酸钾2种钾肥及其配施比例对滇重楼根际土壤微环境的影响,为滇重楼规范化种植中的科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽土培试验,以滇重楼生长过程中不施钾肥为对照(CK),设氯化钾和硫酸钾配施比例依次为100∶0(PF1)、75∶25(PF2)、50∶50(PF3)、25∶75(PF4)和0∶100(PF5)的5个施肥处理,测定滇重楼成熟期不同处理的根际土壤养分含量、微生物数量、土壤酶活性及根系活力和根茎钾含量。【结果】与CK相比,各钾肥处理的土壤pH均有所降低;除PF1外,其余处理不同程度地增加了根际土壤养分和土壤微生物数量,其中,PF4处理的调控效果最佳,可使速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量依次增加107.98%、13.95%、31.32%和10.81%,使细菌数量增加58.93%;除中性磷酸酶活性外,多数施肥处理增加了土壤中其余6种酶的活性。与CK相比,施用外源钾肥时,多数处理可显著提高滇重楼根系活力。所有处理均显著增加滇重楼老根茎和新根茎钾含量(P<0.05,下同),其中PF4处理使滇重楼老根茎和新根茎内的钾含量达峰值,较对应CK显著提高134.57%和131.13%。【结论】外源施用钾肥对于滇重楼的生长发育和根际土壤微环境有积极影响,但不同钾肥配施比例对土壤微环境的调控效果存在差异,其中以氯化钾和硫酸钾按25∶75比例配施的调控效果最佳。【Objective】To study the effects of two different potassium fertilizers(potassium chloride and potassium sulfate)and the mixture at different proportions on the rhizosphere soil microenvironment of Paris polyphylla var.yunna-nensis(Franch.)and provided a scientific basis for the rational application of potassium fertilizers in the cultivation of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis(Franch.).【Method】The rhizosphere soil nutrient content,microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity,and root viability and rhizome potassium content of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis(Franch.)was observed in present study by pot experiment.No potassium fertilizer during the growth of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis(Franch.)was as control(CK),and various ratio potassium chloride and potassium sulfate was set as follows:100∶0(PF1),75∶25(PF2),50∶50(PF3),25∶75(PF4),and 0∶100(PF5).【Result】The pH value was downregulated in alltreatment groups compared with CK.Treatments except PF1 have increased the rhizosphere soil nutrients and soil microbial numbers to varying degrees,the regulation effects of PF4 was the best,the available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potas-sium,organic matter,and the bacterianumber increased by 107.98%,13.95%,31.32%,10.81%,58.93%compared to CK.Except of neutral phosphatase activity in the soil,most fertilization treatments increased the activities of the other six enzymes.Exogenous application of potassium fertilizer improved the root vitality of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis(Franch.)compared to CK.Potassium content significantly increased in all treatments both in the old rhizomes and new rhizomes(P<0.05,the same below).The potassium content in old rhizomes and new rhizomes of P.polyphylla var.yunna-nensis(Franch.)reached the peak value in PF4 treatment,which were increased by 134.57%and 131.13%,compared with CK.【Conclusion】Exogenous application of potassium fertilizer has positive impact on the growth and development of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis(Franch.)and the rhizosphere soil microenvironment,

关 键 词：钾肥 滇重楼 土壤养分 土壤微生物 土壤酶活性 根系活力 根茎钾含量 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]