超级电容器用活性炭国产化关键化学与化工问题  

Key chemistry and chemical engineering issues in the localization of active carbon for supercapacitor

作　　者：孔庆强[1,2] 黄显虹 王振兵[1] 郭晓倩 谢莉婧[1] 苏方远[1] 孙国华[1] 陈成猛[1] KONG Qingqiang;HUANG Xianhong;WANG Zhenbing;GUO Xiaoqian;XIE Lijing;SU Fangyuan;SUN Guohua;CHEN Chengmeng(Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Taiyuan 030001,Shanxi,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所,山西太原030001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《化工进展》2021年第9期5088-5096,共9页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21922815,21975275);山西省重点研发计划(201903D121007);山西省关键核心技术和共性技术研发攻关专项(20201102018)。

摘　　要：超级电容器具有功率密度高、循环寿命长和安全可靠等优点,在电动汽车、轨道交通、新能源、电磁弹射和激光武器等领域已广泛应用。然而,作为超级电容器的关键电极材料——活性炭,始终未实现国产化,一直依赖从日本和韩国进口,极大地制约了国内超级电容器及其下游产业的发展。本文综述了超级电容器用活性炭的理化性能对其电化学性能的影响,介绍了国内外超级电容器用活性炭产业现状,指出了其生产过程中制约产品品质的典型传质和传热等化工问题。文章提出,应在现有活性炭基础上建立全面合理的超级电容器用活性炭指标体系,从而指导其国产化工艺开发。针对其生产工艺和装备开展仿真模拟研究,以解决国产炭材料批次稳定性和一致性的问题,保障超级电容器行业关键材料自主可控。Supercapacitors have widely been applied in electric vehicle,rail traffic,new energy,electromagnetic launch and laser weapons owing to their high power density,long cycling life,safety and reliability.However,the active carbon,as key electrodes for supercapacitor,is still imported from Japan and South Korea due to the lack of domestic industrialization,which greatly restricts the development of supercapacitors and their downstream industry.This paper summarized the effect of physical and chemical property of active carbons on its electrochemical performances and the industry status of active carbons for supercapacitors.The heat and mass transfer issues during the productive process that limited the quality of active carbons were also discussed.To better guide the domestic industrialization,it was highly desired to establish the comprehensive index system of active carbon for supercapacitor based on the current technology.Meanwhile,simulation study focused on manufacturing technique and equipment was needed to solve the problems of poor stability and consistency of domestic active carbon,ensuring the independence controllable production of critical materials for supercapacitor industry.

关 键 词：超级电容器 活性炭 指标体系 传质 传热 纯化 稳定性 

分 类 号：TQ127.1[化学工程—无机化工]