客舱托盘桌高度对乘客头颈姿态和不适水平的影响  

Effect of Cabin Tray Table Height on Passengers’ Head and Neck Posture and Perceived Level of Discomfort

作　　者：王龙[1] 余隋怀[1] 陈登凯[1] 初建杰[1] WANG Long;YU Sui-huai;CHEN Deng-kai;CHU Jian-jie(Key Laboratory of Industrial Design and Ergonomics Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学工业设计与人机工效工业和信息化部重点实验室,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《东北大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第9期1313-1322,共10页Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science)

基　　金：工业与信息化部民用飞机专项基金资助项目(MJ-2015-F-018);教育部高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B13044).

摘　　要：为提高飞机客舱乘坐空间的舒适性,针对头颈姿态角难以直接采集的问题,提出利用三维扫描间接得到测量数据的方法.通过与问卷调查及感知不适水平(perceived level of discomfort,PLD)测试相结合,发现多数乘客会因托盘桌偏矮感到不舒适;使用原始高度(68 cm)的托盘桌时,被试者的头颈姿态角均在中性区域之外,头颈姿态过度屈曲;托盘桌逐级(73—78—83 cm)升高进行重复实验,被试者的头倾角和颈曲角显著减小并接近或降至中性区域;PLD测试数据整体随托盘桌升高先降低后回升.结果表明托盘桌高度设置在73~83 cm范围内可以显著减小乘客头颈屈曲幅度,减少乘客头颈部的不适感.To improve the comfort of the cabin space in aircraft,focusing on the difficulty to directly collect anthropometric data of head/neck posture angle,a method is proposed in this paper to obtain the head/neck posture angle indirectly by 3D scanning.A 3D scanning and a perceived level of discomfort(PLD)test are combined with a questionnaire,the results of which show that most passengers think that the current tray table is too low and uncomfortable.When tested with original height(68 cm)tray table,the subjects’head/neck posture angles are all outside the neutral region,indicating that the head/neck posture is excessive flexion.After tray table is raised gradually(73-78-83 cm)and the same tests are repeated,the subjects’HFA and NFA decreased significantly.The HFA and NFA are closer to or reach the neutral range.In PLD tests,with the rise of the tray table,the data first decreases and then rises.It shows that adjusting the tray table in 73~83 cm can significantly improve the passengers’head/neck posture and reduce the discomfort of passengers’neck.

关 键 词：舒适性 三维扫描 PLD测试 托盘桌 头颈姿态角 

分 类 号：TB47[一般工业技术—工业设计]