445例早产儿6个月内纯母乳喂养影响因素分析  

Analysis of influencing factors of exclusive breastfeeding within 6 months in 445 preterm infants

作　　者：王丹妮 韦婷 罗小婷[1] 韩紫敏 朱敏丽[1] 陈赢赢[1] WANG Dan-ni;WEI-Ting;LUO Xiao-ting;HAN Zi-min;ZHU Min-li;CHEN Ying-ying(Neonatal Department,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325027,China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属第二医院新生儿科,浙江温州325027

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2021年第10期1685-1688,共4页Chinese Journal of General Practice

基　　金：浙江省医药卫生科技计划项目(2020KY644);温州市科技局项目(Y20190291)。

摘　　要：目的调查早产儿6个月内的母乳喂养情况及其影响因素,以期能为早产儿母乳喂养干预提供一定的参考依据。方法使用方便抽样,于2018年4-12月选择在浙江省温州市4所三甲医院早产分娩的493例早产儿母亲作为研究对象,3个月回访时失访21例,6个月回访时失访27例,最终纳入445例。使用一般资料问卷和爱丁堡产后抑郁问卷进行问卷调查。使用χ2检验进行早产儿6个月内纯母乳喂养率影响因素的单因素分析,单因素分析差异有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析。结果早产儿出院时的母乳喂养率为27.2%(134/493),其中纯母乳喂养率为9.3%(46/493)。矫正月龄3个月时的母乳喂养率为39.2%(185/472),其中纯母乳喂养率为18.4%(87/472)。矫正月龄6个月时的母乳喂养率为28.1%(125/445),其中纯母乳喂养率为11.7%(52/445)。回归分析结果显示,母乳喂养史、产后抑郁、产后开始泌乳时间和家庭人均月收入可影响早产儿6个月内纯母乳喂养情况。结论医务工作者应提升早产儿母亲的母乳喂养知识与问题解决技能,尤其是对于无母乳喂养史和家庭收入较高的早产儿母亲,保证其正常泌乳开奶,并早期进行心理干预,疏导其不良情绪,以提高早产儿6个月内的纯母乳喂养率。Objective To investigate the situation of breastfeeding within 6 months and its influencing factors in preterm infants, and provide reference for breastfeeding intervention of premature infants. Methods A total of 493 participants were recruited as follow-up subjects from four tertiary hospitals in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province by convenience sampling between April and December 2018. Twenty-one cases were lost during the 3-month return visit, 27 cases were lost during the 6-month return visit, and 445 cases were finally included. The basic data questionnaire and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Questionnaire were used to collect data. Single-factor analysis of the influencing factors of exclusive breastfeeding rate in preterm infants within 6 months was carried out using χ2 test, and the meaningful variables of single-factor analysis were entered into multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The breastfeeding rate was 27.2%(134/493) at discharge of preterm infants with exclusive breastfeeding rate of 9.3%(46/493). The breastfeeding rate at 3 months of corrected age was 39.2%(185/472), of which the exclusive breastfeeding rate was 18.4%(87/472). The breastfeeding rate at 6 months of corrected age was 28.1%(125/445), of which the exclusive breastfeeding rate was 11.7%(52/445). The regression results showed that breastfeeding history, postpartum depression, postpartum lactation time and family monthly income could affect the exclusive breastfeeding of premature infants within 6 months. Conclusion Medical workers should improve the breastfeeding knowledge and problem-solving skills of mothers of premature infants, especially those with no breastfeeding history and higher family income, ensure their normal lactation, carry out early psychological intervention to relieve their negative emotions, and increase the exclusive breastfeeding rate of premature infants within 6 months.

关 键 词：纯母乳喂养 影响因素 早产儿 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R722[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]