畜牧动物免疫球蛋白的特点与应用价值  

The characters and applications of livestock immunoglobulins

作　　者：于迪 赵要风[1] YU Di;ZHAO Yaofeng(State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology,College of Biological Sciences,National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学生物学院,农业生物技术国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《生命的化学》2021年第6期1154-1159,共6页Chemistry of Life

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30725029,31972562)。

摘　　要：畜牧动物免疫球蛋白具有明显不同于人和小鼠的结构与多样性产生特征。本文综述了牛、羊驼以及猪等畜牧动物免疫球蛋白重链基因结构、多样性形成特点以及目前的应用现状。总的来说,牛的免疫球蛋白基因具有显著增长的可变区多样性基因,编码的超长CDRH3区具有单独识别抗原的能力;羊驼的免疫球蛋白基因通过重链基因的可变剪接可产生独特的纳米抗体,其优良的抗体特性使其在许多方面均具有重要的应用潜能;猪的免疫球蛋白基因具有显著的IGHG多样性,主要通过较高的体细胞超突变产生免疫球蛋白的多样性。Immunoglobulins expressed in livestock animals differ largely from those of humans and mice in terms of structure and diversity generating mechanisms. In this paper, the structure and diversity as well as the potential applications of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in cattle, alpaca and pigs are reviewed. In general, the length of diversity gene in cattle increased markedly and the antibodies produced by cattle contain the ultralong CDRH3 region which could recognize antigen independently. Alpaca can produce heavy-chain only antibodies by alternative splicing of heavy chain genes, which show great potential in many applications.Pigs express many subclasses of IGHG genes and mainly rely on somatic hypermutation to generate sequence diversity.

关 键 词：畜牧动物 免疫球蛋白 超长CDRH3 纳米抗体 

分 类 号：S852.4[农业科学—基础兽医学]