成都平原豇豆根腐病菌的分离与鉴定  

Isolation and Identification of the Pathogenic Fusarium spp. Causing Cowpea Root Rot in Chengdu Plain

作　　者：陈玲[1] 向娟[1] 张河庆[2] 席亚东[2] 罗小波[1] 付绍红[1] CHEN Ling;XIANG Juan;ZHANG Heqing;XI Yadong;LUO Xiaobo;FU Shaohong(Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Chengdu 611130,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]成都市农林科学院,成都611130 [2]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/蔬菜品种改良与种质创新四川省重点实验室,成都610066

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第9期21-29,共9页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系四川蔬菜创新团队项目(川农函〔2019〕427号);“十四五”四川省蔬菜育种攻关项目(2012YFZ0022);2020年成都市重大科技应用示范项目(2020-YF09-00055-SN);2020年度农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(川农函〔2020〕184号).

摘　　要：为明确四川成都平原豇豆根腐病的病原菌种群及其致病性,本研究采集6个不同县(市)豇豆苗期和成株期的根部病样,通过组织分离与单孢纯化,基于形态特征和分子鉴定,并采用柯赫氏法则测定其致病性.结果表明:从病组织共分离获得122株真菌单孢分离物,苗期105株,成株期17株;经病菌形态特征及基于rDNA ITS序列分析,将这些菌株鉴定为茄腐镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)、尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides)、层生镰孢菌(Fusarium proliferatum)和木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti),其中尖镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)为优势菌种,分离频率为81.1%,但成株期病菌均为尖镰孢菌.采用孢子悬浮液浸根接种结果显示,各菌种代表菌株均可引起豇豆发病,表现为植株萎蔫、落叶、倒伏,根部开始出现褐色病变,根系坏死腐烂,且维管束呈红褐色.In order to identify the pathogens of cowpea root rot and their pathogenicity in Chengdu Plain, the diseased samples of cowpea root rot were collected from six main cowpea-producing areas at the stages of seedling and adult plants. Candidate fungal isolates were obtained through tissue isolation and single spore purification, and then were identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of rDNA ITS sequence. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of these isolates was finally verified by Koch’s rule. A total of 122 pure single spore isolates were obtained, 105 from the seedling plants and 17 from the adult plants, and were identified as Fusarium solani, F.oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum and F. equiseti. Of the five Fusarium species, F. oxysporum was the dominant pathogen with an isolation frequency of 81.1%, and it was also the unique species isolated from the diseased roots at the stage of the cowpea adult plants. All these representative isolates were pathogenic to cowpea seedling and adult plants after spore inoculation, and induced the symptoms of withered seedling, defoliation, browning, even root rot, and red or brown vascular bundles.

关 键 词：成都平原 豇豆 根腐病 镰孢菌 分离鉴定 

分 类 号：S435.121.47[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S643.4[农业科学—植物保护]