对非典型担保司法解释的解读  

Interpretation of the Judicial Interpretation of Atypical Guarantee

作　　者：崔建远[1] CUI Jianyuan

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2021年第4期3-10,共8页Research on Rule of Law

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目“担保制度新发展及其法律规制研究”(项目编号:19AFX013)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：非典型担保系因社会生活实际需要而出现的担保类型,极具活力。因其缺乏明确的法律规范调整,容易滋生纠纷,而处理的尺度不一,也容易影响法律的统一性和权威性。最高人民法院出台司法解释,针对概括描述、物权让与担保、股权让与担保、所有权保留、融资租赁关系中的担保和保理关系中的担保设置规则,或是细化、明确《中华人民共和国民法典》的有关规定,或是填补法律漏洞,具有积极意义。但也有若干值得反思之处,例如,《民法典》第642条和担保制度司法解释第64条各有两款,每款的意思相同或相近,只是《民法典》第642条的两款顺序被担保制度司法解释第64条调换了,可就是这一顺序的调换,就实质性地改变了《民法典》第642条的规范意旨。在笔者看来,这种改变是不应该的。担保制度司法解释第64条第1款会带来负面后果,其中之一是拍卖、变卖所得价款若低于买卖物的实际价值,在出卖人不急于出卖该物、有意待价而沽的场合,不利于出卖人,在买受人赔偿能力不足的情况下更是如此;其中之二是拍卖的程序复杂耗时,远没有出卖人径直取回买卖物更有效率。Atypical guarantee is a kind of guarantee that gifted businessmen adopt in accordance with the actual needs of social life,and it is very dynamic.Due to the lack of clear legal regulation,disputes occur easily among such guarantees,and the standards of dealing with them are inconsistent,which harms the unity and authority of laws.The judicial interpretations issued by the Supreme People's Court is of positive significance in setting rules,refining and clarifying relevant provisions in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China,or filling legal loopholes in terms of general description,real right transfer guarantee,equity transfer guarantee,ownership retention,guarantee in financial leasing and guarantee in factoring.However,there are also some points worthy of reflection.For example,each of Article 642 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China and Article 64 of the judicial interpretation of the guarantee system have two paragraphs with the same or similar meanings,but the order of the two paragraphs of Article 642 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China has been replaced by Article 64 of the judicial interpretation of the guarantee system.It substantially changed the normative intention of Article 642 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China.In my opinion,this kind of change should not have been made.The first paragraph of Article 64 of the judicial interpretation of the guarantee system will bring about negative consequences,one of which is that if the price obtained from.

关 键 词：非典型担保 概括描述 让与担保 所有权保留 司法解释 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]