法国民法中意思自治原则的新发展  

The New Development of the Principle of Autonomy of the Will in French Civil Law

作　　者：张民安 ZHANG Min'an

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《法治研究》2021年第4期47-70,共24页Research on Rule of Law

摘　　要：在2016年的债法改革法令生效之前,意思自治原则被视为《法国民法典》规定的契约法的唯一理论根据,即便《法国民法典》没有对这一原则作出明确规定。不过,鉴于这一原则与20世纪60年代以来的哲学观念和经济观念不相符,人们纷纷对这一原则作出严厉的批判,并最终导致这一原则被法国民法学者和法官所抛弃。在抛弃意思自治原则的同时,法国民法学者提出了各种各样的替代理论,以便作为契约法的新原则。不过,在2016年2月10日的债法改革草案中,法国政府没有将民法学者提出的替代理论作为《法国民法典》中所规定的契约法的新原则,因为它仅仅将契约自由原则视为契约法的新原则。Before the 2016 Obligation Law Reform Act came into effect,the principle of autonomy of will was regarded as the only theoretical basis of the contract laws in the French Civil Code,even though the French Civil Code did not clearly defined this principle.However,since this principle is inconsistent with the philosophical and economic concepts since the 1960s,people have made severe criticisms of this principle,which eventually led to the rejection of this principle by French civil law scholars and judges.While abandoning the principle of autonomy of will,French civil law scholars have proposed various alternative theories to serve as new principles of contract law.However,in the Obligation Law Reform Act on February 10,2016,the French government did not consider the alternative theory proposed by civil law scholars as a new principle of contract law,because it only regarded the principle of freedom of contract as a new principle of contract law.

关 键 词：意思自治 自由经济主义 契约连带 契约正义 契约功效 契约自由原则 

分 类 号：D956.5[政治法律—法学] DD913