保护性耕作对土壤微生物群落及其介导的碳循环功能的影响  

Effects of conservation tillage on soil microbial community and the function of soil carbon cycling

作　　者：杨雅丽 马雪松 解宏图[1,3] 鲍雪莲 梁超[1,3] 朱雪峰 何红波[1,3] 张旭东 YANG Ya-li;MA Xue-song;XIE Hong-tu;BAO Xue-lian;LIANG Chao;ZHU Xue-feng;HE Hong-bo;ZHANG Xu-dong(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Lab of Conservation Tillage and Ecological Agriculture,Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室,沈阳110016

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2021年第8期2675-2684,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41630862,41977048,41977051);中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所青年启动基金项目(E061272)和中国科学院特别研究助理项目(2020,朱雪峰)资助。

摘　　要：农田生态系统耕作方式显著影响土壤微生物群落结构和功能,进而影响土壤微生物介导的土壤碳循环过程。以免耕结合作物秸秆还田为核心的保护性耕作是提升土壤碳汇功能和肥力的重要措施,其中土壤微生物发挥了关键作用。尽管有较多关于保护性耕作下微生物群落结构与功能的研究,但由于土壤系统的复杂性、环境因素以及微生物群落评价方法的差异性,尚未形成对保护性耕作下土壤微生物群落响应规律的系统认知。此外,研究多关注土壤微生物作为分解者的作用以及植物源碳对土壤碳库形成的贡献,而忽略了微生物源碳对土壤碳库形成和稳定的贡献。本文在归纳土壤有机质形成和稳定理论体系演变的基础上,梳理了土壤微生物研究方法的进展,重点阐述了保护性耕作对土壤微生物生物量、群落多样性和组成、碳代谢活性以及微生物源有机碳截获的影响,并对未来该领域的研究方向进行展望,以期为探索农田生态系统土壤微生物群落响应规律及其介导的土壤碳循环功能提供参考。Agricultural tillage practices significantly affect the structure and function of soil micro-bial community, as well as its control over soil carbon cycling. Conservation tillage practice based on no-tillage and crop straw returning is an important measure to improve soil carbon sequestration and fertility, in which soil microorganisms play a key role. Although many previous studies focus on the structure and function of microbial communities under conservation tillage, our overall understanding of soil microbial responses at community level upon conservation tillage is still lacking, due to the complexity of the soil, environmental factors and the different selections of microbial research methods. Furthermore, previous studies paid more attention to the role of soil microorganisms as decomposers and the contribution of plant-derived carbon to the formation of soil carbon pool, but ignored the contribution of microbial-derived carbon to the formation and stability of soil carbon pool. We summarized the paradigm shift in soil organic matter formation and stability theories, reviewed the research methods of soil microbial community, focused on the effects of conservation tillage on soil microbial biomass, community diversity and composition, carbon metabolism, as well as microbial-derived carbon storage, and proposed suggestions for future study, aiming to provide support for future studies regarding microbial responses and its control over soil carbon dynamics in agroecosystem.

关 键 词：保护性耕作 土壤微生物 微生物群落结构 微生物碳代谢 土壤有机碳 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]