祁连山国家公园青海片区山水林田湖草的时空分异  

Spatial-temporal differentiation of mountain-water-forest-farmland-lake-grass system in Qinghai area of the Qilian Mountain National Park, China

作　　者：付建新 曹广超[2,3] 郭文炯[1] FU Jian-xin;CAO Guang-chao;GUO Wen-jiong(Institute of Urban and Regional Development,Taiyuan Normal Uni-versity,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院城镇与区域发展研究所,山西晋中030619 [2]青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,西宁810008 [3]青海师范大学青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,西宁810008

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2021年第8期2866-2874,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：祁连山国家公园青海研究中心开放项目(GKQ2019-01);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0505);山西省哲学社会科学规划课题(2020YY202);青海省科技厅重大科技专项(2019-SF-A12)和青海省科技厅自然基金项目(2018-ZJ-903)资助。

摘　　要：祁连山国家公园被确定为我国国家公园体制试点之后,对其生态环境保护、管制、修复提出了更高、更精准的要求。基于1980—2018年遥感影像数据,构建山水林田湖草空间信息格局图谱,分析祁连山国家公园青海片区一般控制区和核心保护区山水林田湖草的时空分异特征。结果表明:研究期间,草地是公园主体景观,面积为8174.93 km2,其中,核心保护区草地面积是一般控制区的1.2倍;裸岩石质地是未利用土地的主要类型,分别占核心保护区和一般控制区未利用土地面积的86.7%和79.4%;一般控制区的林地面积大于核心保护区;核心保护区的水域面积是一般控制区的4.9倍,核心保护区90.4%的水域面积为永久性冰川雪地;旱地主要集中在一般控制区。1980—2018年间,水域面积呈降低趋势,减少186.75 km2,其中,永久性冰川雪地下降最明显,一般控制区和核心保护区分别下降12.05和175.88 km2;林地、草地整体呈增加趋势,核心保护区高、中、低覆盖度草地的变化趋势均大于一般控制区,1990—2000年变化最明显,1980—2018年一般控制区高、中覆盖度草地和核心保护区高、低覆盖度草地存在退化现象;裸岩石质地呈上升趋势,而永久性冰川雪地呈下降趋势。永久性冰川雪地和裸岩石质地是公园内变化最明显的地类,核心保护区冰川退缩速度比一般控制区退缩速度明显,其转为裸岩石质地主要发生在1980—1990和2000—2010年。Higher and more precise requirements are critically needed for the protection, regulation, and restoration of ecological environment in the Qilian Mountain National Park after it is classified as a national park system pilot in China. Based on remote sensing data in 1980-2018, the spatial pattern map of mountain-water-forest-farmland-lake-grass system was constructed to analyze its spatial-temporal variations in the general control area and core conservation area in Qinghai area of the Qilian Mountain National Park. The results showed that grasslands, with an area of 8174.93 km2, were the main landscape in the park, and that grassland area in the core conservation area was 1.2 times as that of the general control area. The bare exposed rocks, a major type of unused land, accounted for 86.7% and 79.4% of the unused land in the core conservation area and the general control area, respectively. Forest area in the general control area was larger than that in the core conservation area. Water area in the core conservation area was 4.9 times as large as that in the general control area, with 90.4% of which being dominated by permanent glaciers and snowfields. The drylands were mainly concentrated in the general control area. From 1980 to 2018, the water area was decreasing and had been reduced by 186.75 km2. The area of permanent glaciers and snowfields decreased the most, with a drop of 12.05 and 175.88 km2 in the general control area and the core conservation area, respectively. The area of forests and grasslands were enlarged constantly. The changes of high-, medium-, and low-coverage grasslands in the core conservation area were greater than that in the general control area, which were the most significant during 1990-2000. Moreover, the degradation of high-and medium-coverage grasslands in the general control area as well as high-and low-coverage grasslands in the core conservation area was observed from 1980 to 2018. The area of bare exposed rocks was on the rise, while the permanent glaciers and snowfields displ

关 键 词：山水林田湖草 时空分异 祁连山国家公园 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]