“会”和“能”的能力义辨析  

Revisiting the ability function of hui and neng

作　　者：范晓蕾[1,2] Fan Xiaolei

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心,100871 [2]北京大学中文系,100871

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2021年第5期90-101,共12页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年学术带头人项目“现代汉语的预期范畴”(项目编号21DTR036)的资助。

摘　　要：本文旨在辨析普通话里“会”和“能”的能力义。“会”表示懂得执行某类动作的技巧方式且通常有潜力实现该动作,这是恒常能力义;“能”只表示有潜力实现某个动作,这是特定能力义。“恒常能力\特定能力”比“心智能力\生理能力”更适合汉语能力情态的分类。“会”和“能”表能力义的共性是有合意愿性、合需求性、难实现性的语用偏向。The present paper is to reveal the semantic differences of the Mandarin auxiliaries hui and neng in their ability functions.According to our analysis,hui indicates'constant ability',and means that one knows how to do an action and normally has the potential to actualize it;neng indicates'specific ability',which only denotes that one has the potential to actualize an action at a specific time.This conclusion can explain why neng can occur in more ability sentences than hui.

关 键 词：“会” “能” 能力 动力情态 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]