规范防护与否对接触噪声作业工人高频听力损失的影响分析  

Analysis on influence of standard protection for high frequency hearing loss of workers exposed to noise

作　　者：张丽江[1] 卢耀勤[1] 邓磊 刘军[1] 张璞 于常艳[3] 俞文兰[3] 芮宝玲[1] ZHANG Li-jiang;LU Yao-qin;DENG Lei;LIU Jun;ZHANG Pu;YU Chang-yan;YU Wen-lan;RUI Bao-ling(Occupational Disease Prevention Department,Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Urumqi,Urumqi Xinjiang,830002,China;Department of Public Health,Midong Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Urumqi,Urumqi Xinjiang,830000,China;Women's Labor Health Research Office,Occupational Health and Poisoning Institute,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,100015,China)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治科,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]乌鲁木齐市米东区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒所妇女劳动卫生研究室,北京100015

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第14期1881-1884,1890,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析接触噪声作业工人规范防护与否对高频听力损失情况及其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样法,于2019年1月—2020年1月,以乌鲁木齐市某区不同规模企业接触噪声工龄在1~5年的工人作为调查对象,对其进行纯音听阈测试,分析其累积噪声暴露下高频听力异常检出情况及影响因素。结果 4 602名噪声作业工人高频听阈异常检出率为4.02%。其中规范防护2 576人,高频听阈异常检出率为3.53%;无规范防护2 026人,高频听阈异常检出率为9.58%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别、年龄段、企业规模、累积噪声暴露量接触噪声作业工人无规范防护下的双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率均分别明显高于规范防护的接噪作业工人,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同性别、年龄段、规模企业、累积噪声暴露量的无规范防护下接噪作业工人双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。表现为男性接噪作业工人无规范防护下的双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率(10.36%)明显高于女性;随着年龄的增长,无规范防护下接噪作业工人双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率呈趋势性升高;大型企业中接噪作业工人无规范防护下的双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率低(5.71%),微型企业接噪作业工人无规范防护下的双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率最高(17.72%);随着累积噪声暴露量的增加,接噪作业工人双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率呈趋势性升高。无规范防护是导致接触噪声作业工人高频听力损失的危险因素。结论无规范防护可导致接噪作业工人高频听力损失,需加强职业健康保护和监管。Objective To analyze the influence of standard protection on high frequency hearing loss and its influencing factors.Methods From January 2019 to January 2020,using the convenient sampling method,the workers exposed to noise for 1-5 years in different scale enterprises in Urumqi were collected as the survey object,to conduct the pure tone hearing threshold test. The detection and influencing factors of high frequency hearing abnormality under cumulative noise exposure were analyzed. Results The detection rate of high frequency hearing abnormality was 4.02% in 4 602 noise-exposed workers. The detection rate of high frequency hearing abnormality among 2 576 workers with standard protection was 3.53%,while that among 2 026 workers without standard protection was 9.58%,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). In groups of different gender,age,enterprise size and cumulative noise exposure,the detection rates of high frequency hearing abnormality among workers without standard protection were higher than those among workers with standard protection respectively,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P <0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of high frequency hearing abnormality in workers without standard protection among groups of different gender,age,enterprise size and cumulative noise exposure(all P<0.05). The detection rate of high frequency hearing abnormality in male workers without standard protection(10.36%) was significantly higher than that in female workers. The detection rate of high frequency hearing abnormality in noise-exposed workers without standard protection showed rising trend with the increase of age. The detection rate of high frequency hearing abnormality in noise-exposed workers without standard protection in large enterprises is low(5.71%),while that in micro enterprises was the highest(17.72%).As cumulative noise exposure increases,the detection rate of high frequency hearing abnormality in noise-exposed workers show

关 键 词：规范防护 累积噪声暴露量 接噪作业 高频听力损失 

分 类 号：R135.92[医药卫生—劳动卫生]