长三角地区典型城市PM_(2.5)污染特征及潜在来源分析  

Analysis on characteristics and potential sources of PM pollution in typical cities of Yangtze River Delta

作　　者：缪明榕 陆清溪[3] 张树民 吴辉 张颖 王昱苏 MIAO Ming-rong;LU Qing-xi;ZHANG Shu-min;WU Hui;ZHANG Ying;WANG Yu-su(Meteorological and Technical Equipment Centre,Nantong Meteorological Bureau,Nantong Jiangsu,226001,China;Meteorological Observatory,Nantong Meteorological Bureau,Nantong Jiangsu,226001,China;Department of Pharmacy,Third People's Hospital of Nantong,Nantong Jiangsu,226001,China;Meteorological Observatory,Mentougou Meteorological Bureau in Beijing,Beijing,100000,China;Meteorological Observatory,Rudong Meteorological Bureau in Nantong,Nantong Jiangsu,226400,China;Meteorological Department,Xingdong Airport in Nantong,Nantong Jiangsu,226001,China)

机构地区：[1]南通市气象局气象探测中心,江苏南通226001 [2]南通市气象局气象台,江苏南通226001 [3]南通市第三人民医院药学部,江苏南通226001 [4]北京市门头沟区气象局气象台,北京100000 [5]南通市如东县气象局气象台,江苏南通226400 [6]南通市兴东机场气象科,江苏南通226001

出　　处：《职业与健康》2021年第14期1963-1967,1972,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家重点研究计划(2018YFC1506100);江苏省气象学会青年科研基金项目(KQ201913);南通市气象局气象科技项目(NQK202001,NQK202006)。

摘　　要：目的分析长三角地区4个典型城市近些年细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))变化情况,了解污染的潜在来源,为进一步大气污染防治提供依据。方法选取南通、上海、南京、合肥4个城市2014年1月1日—2019年12月31日环境监测数据对PM_(2.5)污染特征进行详细分析,利用美国环境预测中心的空气资源实验室(ARL)资料选取的2014—2019年间长三角地区四季典型4次严重污染过程进行后向轨迹分析。结果以南通、上海、南京、合肥为代表的长三角地区,2014—2017年PM_(2.5)年平均浓度下降明显,2017—2019年降幅减缓。空气质量二级达标率分别从2014年的68%、81%、61%、57%上升到2019年的93%、94%、90%和87%。PM_(2.5)月浓度曲线基本都呈"U"型,季节变化差异显著,夏、秋季较低,春、冬季较高。PM_(2.5)小时浓度变化基本都呈现两个波峰和两个波谷。南通、上海PM_(2.5)小时浓度变化较为一致,1天当中7:00~9:00和19:00~21:00浓度达到最大;南京和合肥小时浓度变化较为一致,8:00~10:00和19:00~21:00浓度达到最大。大约都在4:00和15:00浓度达到最低。结论长三角地区4个典型城市污染物既有主要来源于偏北方向远距离的输送,也有区域污染源的影响。Objective To analyze the changes of inhalable particulate matter(PM_(2.5)) in four typical cities of the Yangtze River Delta,understand the potential sources of pollution,and provide the basis for further air pollution prevention and control. Methods The environmental monitoring data in Nantong,Shanghai,Nanjing and Hefei from January 1,2014 to December 31,2019 were selected to make a detailed analysis of PM_(2.5) pollution characteristics. Based on the data from Air Resources Laboratory(ARL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States,the four typical severe pollution processes in the Yangtze River Delta during the four seasons of 2014-2019 were selected to conduct backward trajectory analysis. Results In the Yangtze River Delta represented by Nantong,Shanghai,Nanjing and Hefei,the annual average concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased significantly from 2014-2017 and the decrease slowed down from 2017-2019. The grade-2 compliance rate of air quality increased from 68%,81%,61%,57% in 2014 to 93%,94%,90%,87% in 2019. The monthly concentration curve of PM_(2.5) were basically "U" shaped,with obvious seasonal variation characteristics,which the concentration was lower in summer and autumn,and higher in spring and winter. There were two peaks and two troughs in hourly concentration change of PM_(2.5). In Nantong and Shanghai,the hourly concentration change of PM_(2.5) was the same,with 7:00-9:00 and 19:00-21:00 being the period with the highest concentration in a day. In Nanjing and Hefei,the hourly concentration change was the same,with 8:00-10:00 and 19:00-21:00 being the period with the highest concentration in a day. The minimum value was basically reached at 4:00 and 15:00. Conclusion The pollutants in four typical cities of the Yangtze river delta region are not only mainly transported from a distance in the direction of north,but also influenced by regional pollution sources.

关 键 词：长三角地区 可吸入颗粒物浓度 后向轨迹 

分 类 号：R181.34[医药卫生—流行病学]